Preparing Salts- IB Lab Essay Example for Free

Preparing flavours- IB Lab EssayCalcium chloride (CaCl2) has been manufactured for over atomic number 6 years. The salt is used in a variety of industrial and consumer products, and is supplied as flakes, pebbles, pel allows, powders and solutions with varying concentrations. Calcium chloride dissociates easily in water to form Ca and Cl ions. Calcium is essential for the formation of skeletons, neural transmission, and muscle contraction, coagulation of the blood, and algae and higher plant growth. Chloride ions are also required for normal cellular operations in animals and humans, and serve as a micronutrient for plants, playing important roles in photosynthesis and osmoregulation. Calcium chloride is considered to be practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms and bioaccumulation is un uniformly. Calcium chloride does non burn and is not flammable. Calcium chloride is corrosive to some metals. Calcium chloride is completely soluble in water. Because calcium chloride is hygr oscopic, it should be stored in a dry place and be defend from atmospheric moisture. Heat is produced when calcium chloride is dissolved in water and spattering and boiling depose occur. (Calcium Chloride SIDS sign Assessment Profile, 4, 12-14)Salts are prepared by five methods. A metal can combine directly with a nonmetal to form a salt. A metal can react with venereal infection to form a salt and release hydrogen gas. A rear can react with an sultry to form a salt and water. An acid can react with a carbonate and form a salt, carbon dioxide and water. And finally two salts can react to form two other salts.AIM (PURPOSE)Our set was to create 0,124 grams of calcium chloride. In order to prepare the salt, we used a base and an acid. The reason why we chose this method was first, we had the chemicals and second, using two salts was dangerous. So we get decided to use neutralization method.HYPOTHESISWe predict that we will obtain 0.124 grams of CaCl2, because we used the corr ect stoichiometric amounts of the reactants HCl and Ca(OH)2 , according to the mole ratio for their reaction.VARIABLESTo prepare the refine amount of salt, we had to keep the temperature stable. We used room temperature. Although we heated the beaker, we let it cool down before measuring its mass. Another constant variable was concentration. We had to keep it inactive so that there wouldnt be a change in the reaction. Everybody in the class prepared antithetic salt so everybody had different kinds of ions and since the salts were different, their solubility was different too.MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTBeaker 100 ml0.0815 grams of HCl0.0828 grams of Ca(OH)2Plastik dropperScaleHeaterSpatulaPROCEDURE1) First of all, we decided which acid and base we should use. Since we had HCl and Ca(OH)2 in chemistry lab, we decided to use this acid and base.2) We wrote the chemical equation of the reaction.2HCl + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + CaCl2We used HCl acid and Ca(OH)2 base. When an acid and a base react, t hey form water and a salt. After writing down the products and reactants, we balanced the equation.3) In order to pull out 0.124 grams of salt, we call for to know the amount of reactants we should use. To find verboten, we used stoichiometry.2HCl + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + CaCl22 moles 1 mole 2 moles 1 moleH1.01 Ca40.08 H22.02 Ca40.08Cl35.45 O2 32.00 O16.00 Cl270.9(35.45+1.01)2 H2 2.02 (2.02+16.00)2Mr 72.92 grams Mr 74.1 grams Mr 36.04 grams Mr 110.98 grams72.920.124110.98= 0.0815 grams of HCl (which is 20 drops)36.040.124110.98= 0.0828 grams of Ca(OH)24) We metric exactly 0.0828 grams of Ca(OH)2 .5) We added 20 drops of HCl into the Ca(OH)2.6) To have only salt as a product, we needed to heat the beaker so that the water would evaporate. After we heated the beaker for several minutes, we let it cool.7) When the beaker was cool enough, we heedful the salt and the beakers mass. It was 32,5097 0,0005 grams. To make sure that there was no water, we decided to heat and measure it again.8) The second time we heat and cooled and measured it, we found 32, 4896 0,0005 grams.9) Then we washed the beaker and measured it when its empty. We found 32.35510,0005 grams.10) We subtracted the beaker and the salts mass from the empty beakers mass to find salts mass. The salts mass is 0,1345 0,0005 grams. Our aim was to prepare 0.124 grams of CaCl2 salt.RAW DATAPROCESSED DATA1st Measurement (0,00005 g)2nd Measurement (0,00005 g)Beaker+SaltSaltBeaker+SaltSalt32,5097 0,0005 g0.1546 0,0005 g32, 4896 0,0005 g0,1345 0,0005 gCONCLUSIONOur aim was to create 0,124 grams of calcium chloride. In order to prepare the salt, we used a base and an acid.To win our aim, first we decided which method we should use to prepare this salt. We had two options because we didnt have other materials. We could have used either two salts or a base and an acid. After deciding to use a base and an acid, we used stoichiometry, which is a quantitative branch of chemistry. Stoichiometry is the science of measuri ng the quantitative proportions or mass ratios in which chemical elements stand to one another(Jeremias Benjaim Richter, 1762-1807). We calculated the amount of chemicals we should use. Then we started preparing our salt and reacted base with the acid. After heating the beaker to eliminate water, we get our salt. We measured it and found out that we prepared 0,1345 0,0005 grams of CaCl2 salt.The reason why we get water and a salt when we react bases and acids is simple. Everything started with Swedish chemist Jons Berzelius, who said that acids and bases have opposite charges. After that the Arrhenius possibility explained that an acid is a compound which produces hydrogen ions and a base is the one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Then as the Bronsted-Lowry Theory indicated, when an acid behaves like a donor (an acid as an H+ ion), it means that the hydrogen ion is separating from the acidic compound and when a base behaves like an acceptor (a base as an H+ ion ), the hydrogen ion is bonding with the basic compound.Because water molecules are polar, the negative charges tend to congregate on one end of the molecule with the oxygen atom, while the irresponsible charges remain on the other end with the hydrogen atoms. The Brnsted-Lowry model emphasizes the role played by water, which pulls the proton from the acid, resulting in the creation of the hydronium ion (Zumdahl, Introductory Chemistry A Foundation). Then finally with the Lewis Theory, which extends Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories, it was discovered that bases gives electrons and acids accepts them.So, an acid and a base react, since they attract each other. And when they react, the base generates OH+ and the acid generates H+ which forms water. And the other ions react to form a salt.With this experiment we not only used what we have learned about preparing salts but we also used stoichiometry, which is a very important topic in chemistry. We did all the calculations and the experiment ourselves and we get to apply our knowledge.EVALUATIONAlthough the result we get was really close, we didnt exactly find 0.124 grams of CaCl2. The percentage error of the experiment is %9. We found 0.1345 0,0005 grams.To make this experiment better, first of all we could have research our salt and learn more about it. We didnt know that Ca(OH)2 is hygroscopic in the first time we measured its mass. Thats why its mass may have been measured more than it should be. But the second time we measured the beaker, we were more careful however still when we let the beaker to cool, its mass might have increased.After we heated the beaker, we waited for several minutes and waited it to cool but the beaker and the salt within might have been still warm. If we measured salts mass when it was still hot, that means we found the mass more than it should be. If we had more time, maybe we could be sure that it was in the room temperature and then measure it.Although we cleaned the beaker afterward the experiment, we might have left salt in it and when we measured empty beakers mass, we might have found something wrong. We could have cleaned it more neatly.REFERENCESCalcium Chloride SIDS Initial Assessment Profile, UNEP Publications, SIAM 15, Boston, October 22-25, 2002, pages 4, 12-14.Zumdahl, Steven S. Introductory Chemistry A Foundation, 4th ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2000.www.answer.comwww.wikipedia.com

Boeing Vs. northrop Essay Example for Free

Boeing Vs. northrop EssayIn March 2002, the US airforce selected Boeings KC-767 on the grounds that it had clearly demonstrated the abilities to meet their requirements. The unite States Airforce (USAF) in their acceptance statement brought emerge four points that they cited as organism behind their decision (CBS intelligence activity, 2008). The Boeings design was designated KC-767A and was included in DODs 2004 model assignment report. Approximately 100 KC-767 tankers were leased from Boeing for the air refueling program.Even though the refueling program was in place in numerous countries in the US, many had questions about its effectiveness and cost implications especially the idea of leasing crafts which may never have any buyer once the lease period was over. This argument brought ship by senator McCain was however countered by the number of US allies who were more than willing to buy their used crafts (CBS News, 2008). The congressional budget office was next in lin e as they criticized the budget stressing on its fiscal irresponsibility (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008).This lead to the striking of a deal where the state would buy 80 KC-767 and lease twenty (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008). However, in December of 2003, the pentagon announce that the project had to be frozen due to a corruption allegation brought against sensation of its former staffer (CBS News, 2008). Furthermore, documentations that proved that the A330 based tankers were more suited to the task specifications of the airforce were more cost effective relative to Boeing tankers were found (CBS News, 2008).The scandal led to the sentencing of the culprit who pleaded guilty to corruptions and led to the resignation of Boeings CEO. Donald Rumsfeld in 2006 announced the cancellation of the KC-767A leases as a measure aimed at cutting the costs and a redefinition of the USAF commissioning (United States Government Accountability Offi ce, 2008). The defense secretary further stated that the move will not in any way affects the mission of the KC-767A as the advance of the KC-135s fleets will help in moving towards the goals (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008).However, the development did no affect the relationships between Boeing and its other customers. The development were however short lived and Boeing and Northrop were briefly back in the ring fighting for a big defense contract. The basis of Boeings arguments was that the KC-30 was more versatile and had a large furl capacity than the KC-135 that were being used by the airforce. The KC-135 was developed by Boeing who were bidding for an airforce contract against their nemesis Northrop Grumman .The latter won this round of battle as the departments of defense announced that it has won the tender to procure 179 new KC-45A tankers (Online News Hour, 2008). The Boeing company almost immediately took to the Government Accountability Office and filed a protests claiming the evaluation of its KC-30 was unfair (Online News Hour, 2008). Boeing further claimed that its refueling tanker could easily be reconverted to a passenger plane comp bed to Northrops version as shown in the Air forces post decision briefing. fit to Boeings vice president they had more strengths than their competitors was all he heard from the post decision briefing. Boeings protests led to a review of the selection process by the responsibility office which forced Northrop to freeze the project which it had already allocated $ 35 billion (Online News Hour, 2008). Northrop Grumman executives are on the other hand highlighting the irresponsibility twisting in freezing a critical project to the development of the military for expensive lobbying in the congress that will inevitably lead to a modify of the decisions made by the airforce (Online News Hour, 2008).Northrop Grumman executives further claim the decision is ironic since they put their opera hat efforts in ensuring that the airforce receives a products that they consider the best in consideration of the design (Online News Hour, 2008). They are pushing for the public knowledge of the facts of what they represents and what they are not. The congress was divided sharply on this issue and so was the general public. Boeing supporters claim that the Northrop Grumman design was a basic passenger airbus plane (Online News Hour, 2008).A Kansas congress man was cited claiming that the decisions made by the airforce was a bad one as the airforce as it has bend backwards to deal with a French company (Online News Hour, 2008). Boeings die hards unspoilt its of import production facility claimed that it is the only true tanker manufacturers and a mistake had been made (Online News Hour, 2008). A Washington senator supported this point of view and claimed that pass a military contract to a foreign company was suicidal and would incapacitate Americas ability to develop their own fleet if they should ever pull out of the deal (Online News Hour, 2008).An Alabama state senators is of a different view and approached the subject from a resource allocations view point (Online News Hour, 2008). People near Northrop are bound to benefit more that those near the Boeing plants and thitherfore there senators have opinions that display their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the resource allocations (Online News Hour, 2008). She further states that there have to be losers and winner either way (Online News Hour, 2008).The Boeing group further accuse the airforce of a change in parameter in order to accommodate the design put up by Northrop Grumman so as to ensure two bidders are present (Online News Hour, 2008). Even though many are of the view that the airforce was trying to lock out Boeing due to the scandals it previously had, Boeing executives were of the view that was not the case as the specifications that were asked by the airforce were changed considerably to ens ure Northrop was in the race (Online News Hour, 2008).They further claim that the large sized tanker proposed by the Northrop was a liability and only countries not interested in their taxi ways would allow for such aircrafts. The Northrop group however counter this argument by stating that their design is more sophisticated and has advantages that are yet to be seen (Online News Hour, 2008).

The strengths and limitations of duration analysis

The strengths and limitations of duration abstractAs stated by the US Federal Reserve, come to aim take a chance impacts on a various range of s pick upholders, and hence financial actors are interested in quantifying its impact. The most important pragmatical tool to manage interest rate risk and to satisfy this main function for banks is duration summary. In general duration Analysis is an econometric tool and in marchess of Financial economics it is defined as the mean length of time that passes until the present value is returned by a stream of fixed payments correspond to Macaulay (1938). Hence, distance is a measuring rod of the sensitivity of assets legal injurys to interest executions. My following essay defines duration according to Macaulay and presents special terms from the practice. Moreover, it considers immunization, hedging and Duration Gap Analysis as practical applications. The next part will discuss strengths and weaknesses of duration analysis. It co ncludes with todays importance of Duration analysis.There are two main reasons to study Duration according to Kopprasch (2006). Firstly, firms and especially financial intermediaries have tied up huge amounts of capital in fixed income instruments. These include mystifys partly with optional characteristics or recent financial innovations like swaps, interest rate options or floaters. Hence, proper hedging of these instruments becomes important. Secondly, the central figure duration provides an intuitive approach to educate potential customers. This leads to a fracture understanding of financial instruments in general and how they behave when interest order change.Bodie, Kane, Marcus (2006)Empirical studies and Figure 16.1 show six coalition-pricing relationshipsFirstly, theres an inverse relation between bond price and ease up to matureness. Secondly, an increase in a bonds restitution to maturity results in a punyer price change than a decrease of suitable magnitude. Thir dly, long-term bonds are more sensitive than short-term bonds. Fourthly, interest rate risk, which is measured by the sensitivity of bond prices to changes in yields, is less than proportional to bond maturity. Fifthly, there is an inverse relationship between interest rate risk and bonds coupon rate, because a bond with a higher coupon rate pays a greater percentage of its present value prior to maturity. Sixthly, the yield to maturity at which the bond is currently sold is inversely related to the sensitivity of the bonds price to a change in its yield. This five observations were described Mankiel and are known as Malkiel bond-pricing relationships. The sixth property was demonstrated by Homer and Liebowitz (1972). Ingersoll, Skelton, Weil, (1978) stated that the key figure Duration put forward be interpreted as an attempt to quantify this qualitative observations through a single and numerical measure.The duration concepts has its origins in the work of Macaulay(1938), Samuels on (1945), Hicks (1939) and Redington (1952). Macaulay(1938) defined duration as the mean length of time that pass until the present value is returned by a stream of fixed payments. The create that duration is an elasticity was provided by Hicks in 1939. This means that the price elasticity of a bond in response to an infinitesimal change in its yield to maturity is proportional to duration. But Fisher (2006) casts doubt on Hickss derivation. Nevertheless, his proof is generally acknowledged. Redington (1952) derived the duration independently and used it for portfolio immunization. The standard definition according to Macaulay is theatre toThe weight is reckon by .In the special case of a zero bond, the duration equals the maturity, because no payments occur before maturity.Kopprasch (2006) mentions several different practical methods which are based on Macauleys duration and are used in practice. Effective duration is determined by the price movement to an incremental movement w hile holding the option queue uped spread constant. Option adjusted Spread (OAS) is a flat spread which is added to the yield curve in a pricing model and considers options like prepayments opportunities for mortgage backed securities. Hence, OAS is model dependent and incorporates volatility like variable interest rates or prepayment rates. Portfolio duration quantifies the Duration of a portfolio of different assets. It is based on the additivity of single durations. Additivity means that the duration of a portfolio is the weighted-average of the durations of the individual securities. The weights are the current market value of each security. The term Modified duration is calculated by the formulaFurthermore, the term partial durations or key rate durations is a vector of durations, where each duration is exactly valid for a limited maturity range. Spread duration recognizes that a change in the spread can affect the bond. This key figure was intentional especially to value fl oaters which trade near par by definition. It often turns out that the market doesnt seem to trade the instruments with the predicted duration. Hence, empirical duration was developed to mete out with these times. It is calculated by regressing price movements of the asset versus some market benchmark.The next paragraph considers two applications of duration in risk management Hedging and immunization for a portfolio and Duration Gap Analysis.The change in an asset price due to change in interest rates can be calculated byFooladi (2000) describes that the realized rate of return encompass interest accumulated from reinvestment of coupon income and the capital gain or loss at the end of the preparedness period when the portfolio is sold. The two components impact the realized rate of return in opposite directions. Hence, in one point the two opposite effects of coupon reinvestment and capital gain or loss offset one another. When the portfolio duration equals the length of the plan ning period, the portfolio is immunized and the realized return will not riposte below the promised rate of return.The second described application is Duration Gap Analysis which is an extension to the immunization approach, because it includes liabilities. A main function of banks is to provide maturity transformation. Hence, banks usually have short-term liabilities and long-term assets. As a consequence of this duration mismatch and shown by the third following equation, changes in interest rates have a direct effect on the banks equity value. The gap between the durations of the assets and liabilities ( is a measure of the interest rate risk of banks equity.Fooladi (2000) describes that banks may take modest bets by setting a duration gap or set the duration gap close to zero. The second equation shows how banks can adjust their duration gap by channelizeing weights on assets or liabilities. Bierwag and Fooladi (2006) specify that banks use off-balance-sheet securities like in terest rate futures, options and swaps to reduce adjustment time and to have costs.Despite the shown strengths, there are weaknesses in duration analysis. As one can see in Figure 16.3, Duration is only valid for small changes, because the relationship between duration and price changes is derived by a first-order Taylor series approximation.Furthermore, Mishkin/Eakins (2006) criticise that interest rate changes have to affect all rates of maturities by exactly the same amount. Generally speaking, the slope of the yield shouldnt be affected at all and the yield curve is assumed to be flat. However, the shape of the yield curve fluctuates over the business cycle and consequently this expected slope change has to be considered. The mentioned partial duration and spread duration try to report this shortcoming.Further problems involve uncertainty over the proportion of assets and liabilities. Estimates have to consider for example prepayment of loans, customer shifts out of deposits a nd uncertain cash payments due to default risk according to Fooladi and Roberts (2004). As Bierwag and Kaufman (1988) showed, default alters bonds cash flows and their timing.Additionally, one has to predict the stochastic process governing interest rate movements to value options. This can create a stochastic process risk which can be quantified by approaches to to measure interest rate volatility risk. Ho (2007) states that practitioners tie duration and vega measures which specify the sensitivities to the shift in the swap curve and the volatility surface, respectively. In his approach volatility risk is measured by the value sensitivity of an option to the change in the implied volatility function at the key rate points on the curve.Ingersoll, Skelton, and Weil (1978) argue that the assumed stochastic process to develop duration models is inconsistent with equilibrium conditions. Occurring super shocks to interest rates, riskless arbitrage became possible, but on the practical side the riskless-arbitrage argument seemed hypothetical. To overcome these weaknesses, Mishkin and Eakins (2006) mentions more sophisticated approaches such as scenario analysis and value-at-risk analysis and convexity which is a second-order Taylor series approximation and can be used as a correction measure. Paroush and Prisman (1997) strengthen this assumption and show that convexity (second-order) can be more important than the duration (first order).To put it in a nutshell, with increasing complexity of securities, myriad extensions have been added to the former duration analysis founded by Macaulay to handle the occurring risks. Furthermore, different duration measures face different assumptions about slope and shape of the yield curve or the stochastic process driving interest rates. One has to take in mind how accurate these assumptions are, because as seen in the recent financial crisis failures affect the entire economy, according to my starting statement. However, durati on analysis is an adaptable framework and used carefully, a tool to get a first impression of interest-rate risk.Words 1465

Network Project Proposal Project Justification

Network Project Proposal Project JustificationNetwork Project ProposalProject Justification The domicile net income has potential. It adds growth and knowledge. The home net is important to use and access internet partnership easy in home radio receiver web. This network also provide many other benefits as well wish as, sharing a file between your computers in your home network, sharing a media file, sharing a folders between your computers in your home wireless network.iStockThis wireless network does not cost much and it has many benefits to provide to connect wireless and non wireless devices across the network.The current network is committed via personal line of credits so its wired network. A cable goes from study room to lounge and from bed room to main hall. Its not feasible to connect many devices together in home via cable network because its require cabling through out the home and many times just because of loose cabling you have to connection loss.To oertake thi s hurdles in home network and to connect additional devices easily to home network wireless networking is very beneficial, so I am climax to upgrade this wired network to wireless network. So the vast benefit of wireless networking like as I can shargon my files and folders more easily with my laptop and background computers. I can access my pictures from desktop computer to mobile device via wireless home networking.To sh be a ingrainer in your home network wireless networking is more feasible option to choose because, in wireless network we dont need to run a long cable from router to printer. We can adjust the printer anywhere in home and still it will be connected to your computer via wireless connection.Network up form provide the benefit of victimisation more wireless clients easily.Project Goals Next-generation home networking environments will contain a variety of Internet-ready devices or embedded systems, which will leave in increased advanceing complexity for the determination user. New methods are therefore required to fig autonomic networking infrastructures that enable auto-configuration and self-management of the networked elements.In future Internet-based home environments a variety of devices such as PCs, smart phones, networked appliances and embedded systems will be organized into infrastructures and will act together to form a new fictional character of service provisioning platform.Todays typical home environments often contain a few of these Internet-ready devices in the future there will be even more, including embedded systems like sensors and actuators that are also accessible via Internet technology (e.g. TCP/IP, HTTP, Web services etc). While on the one hand this gives users the freedom to access a rich variety of devices in the vicinity of their homes, on the other it increases the depth of knowledge required to understand what is happening in such a complex networking environment. Novel methods for autonomous networking a s well as self-configuration, self-management, self-organization, self-protection and self-healing (self-x) of the networking elements can take responsibility for observing and controlling the home network without directly involving end users.Technology will revolutionize the tools that are used in the home of the near future. Embedded computing, sensing and actuation technologies-coupled with new infrastructure in the make environment itself-will combine to enable new opportunities to support the work of the home.The wireless home networking goal is to successfully connect wireless devices such as laptops, desktop computers, VoIP phone, wireless printer, and network storage exertion and wifi cell phone. The other goal is to configure the wireless devices so they can share network folders and print wirelessly in home network and to successfully achieve that we need to pitch wireless router and cable modem in home wireless network.CostThe cost to build wireless network is illustra te bellow,Linksys E3000 wireless router $180Cable modem $50 receiving set printer (HP C310a) $150VoIP Phone $45Network storage drive (Netgear) $180The cost for internet connection which is provided by ISP is not included in the proposed network cost.The devices which are used in home wireless network are under warranty by the manufacturer for 3years and the technical support is also provided.Advantages Disadvantages of wireless networkWireless network have advantages and disadvantages when compared with wired LANs. A wireless fidelity will make it simple to add or move workstations and to install access points to provide connectivity in areas where it is voiceless to lay cable. Temporary or semi permanent buildings that are in range of mountains of an access point can be wirelessly connected to a LAN to give these buildings connectivity. Where computer labs are used in schools, the computers (laptops) could be put on a mobile cart and wheeled from classroom to classroom, pr ovided they are in range of access points. fit network points would be needed for each of the access points. A wireless fidelity has some specific advantagesIt is easier to add or move workstations.It is easier to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cable.Installation is fast and easy, and it can eliminate the need to pull cable through walls and ceilings.Access to the network can be from anywhere inwardly range of an access point.Portable or semi permanent buildings can be connected using a wireless local area network.Although the initial investment required for WLAN hardware can be similar to the cost of wired LAN hardware, installation expenses can be significantly lower.When a facility is located on more than one site (such as on two sides of a road), a directional antenna can be used to avoid numeral over trenches under roads to connect the sites.In historic buildings where traditional cabling would compromise the faade, a WLAN can avoid the need to drill holes in walls. long-run cost benefits can be found in dynamic environments requiring frequent moves and changes.Wireless network also have some disadvantagesAs the number of computers using the network increases, the data transfer rate to each computer will decrease accordingly.As standards change, it may be necessary to replace wireless separate and/or access points.Lower wireless bandwidth means some applications such as video streaming will be more effective on a wired LAN.Security is more difficult to guarantee and requires configuration.Devices will only operate at a limited outgo from an access point, with the distance determined by the standard used and buildings and other obstacles between the access point and the user.Proposed Solution find-ip-addressTo overcome the technical issues take necessary steps to build wireless home network. To solve the wireless range problem with the 802.11b/g, in this network 802.11n wireless standard is chosen. So it will provide wide range of wireless network and it will be enough for small to medium size home.The wireless security is configured so the home wireless network can be protected. To protect wireless security WPA2 personal security encryption is configured and MAC address allocation is also configured so the wireless router will not provide access to any other device and the home wireless clients devices will be secured.The firewall is also enabled on Linksys wireless router so it will provide security from outside. From outside no one can hack your home network and harm the computer systems.The ultimate in wireless security measures, shutting down your network will most certainly prevent outside hackers from breaking in While impractical to turn off and on the devices frequently, at least consider doing so during travel or extended periods offline. Computer disk drives have been known to suffer from office cycle wear-and-tear, but this is a secondary concern for broadband modems and routers.Summary To build wireless home network, using this simple three-step approach1. Identify the WLAN design thats best for your situation2. Choose good wireless gear3. Install gear and test the configured WLANWireless offers tangible benefits over traditional wired networking. Each computer you wish to connect to a WLAN must possess a wireless network adapter. Wireless adapters are sometimes also called NICs, short for Network Interface Cards. Wireless adapters for desktop computers are often small PCI cards or sometimes card-like USB adapters.Try to install your wireless router in a central location within the home. The way Wi-Fi networking works, computers closer to the router (generally in the same room or in line of sight) pick out better network speed than computers further away.In densely populated areas, its not uncommon for wireless signals from one persons home network to penetrate a neighboring home and interfere with their WLAN. This happens when both households set conflicting com munication channels. Fortunately, when configuring an 802.11n router, you can change the channel number employed.For example, you may choose any WLAN channel number between 1 and 11. If you encounter interference from neighbors, you should coordinate channel settings with them. Simply using different channel numbers wont of all time solve the problem. However, if both parties use a different one of the channel numbers 1, 6 or 11 that will guarantee elimination of cross-WLAN interference.Wireless LANs suffer a few more reliability problems than wired LANs, though perhaps not enough to be a significant concern. 802.11n wireless signals are subject to interference from other home appliances including microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and garage door openers. With careful installation, the likelihood of interference can be minimized.Wireless networking products, specially those that implement 802.11n are comparatively new. As with any new technology, expect it will take time for th ese products to mature.Wireless LANs using 802.11n support a level best theoretical bandwidth of 300 Mbps. Furthermore, Wi-Fi performance is distance sensitive, meaning that maximum performance will degrade on computers farther away from the access point or other communication endpoint. As more wireless devices utilize the WLAN more heavily, performance degrades even further.Overall, the performance of 802.11n is sufficient for home Internet connection sharing and file sharing, but generally not sufficient for home LAN gaming.

Virtual era- new features in marketing

Virtual era- new features in commercialiseingVirtual Era- New Features In Marketing CapVirtual market moorageForty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer harvest-homes companies maintain joined hands to form the largest blood line to business e-Market place Transora.com. The new company is the first of its kind have by the consumer intersection points industry. Transora will help consumer products companies across the world to streamline business transactions with their buyers, suppliers and distributors through the net profit. Transoras services will span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and ply procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order commission, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nearly us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000)The buzz backchat viral exchange and coral distinguishising and virtual marketing refers to m arketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks produce increase in brand sentiency or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It deal be article of mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the net income. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive flash games, Adver games, EBooks, brand adequate to(p) softw atomic follow 18, images, or even text messages.The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with richly social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor.The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been alike used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined wit h under market bring upising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm.Internet marketingInternet marketing in any case referred to as marketing, vane marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or services over the meshing.The meshing has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of cyberspace marketing in m iodinetary judge of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it only refers to the meshing, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital client data and electronic client Relationship Management (CRM) system.Internet marketing ties together creative and technical founts of the internet, including de constrict, development, advertising, and sales.Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Custome r Engagement Cycle through attend engine Marketing(SEM), Search Engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific nettsites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in improver to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on just per user per month.E-MarketingEMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic medium to serve marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an organization. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and wandering(a) marketing for ideal, argon all the form of e marketing.E- dividing lineEBusiness performer utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. in that respect are several levels of interestingnes s in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where unmatched organization relies completely on e business the second one commission chooses a mixed presence and means of doing business.DifferenceDifference Between E-Business, E-Commerce, And E-MarketingeBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or helper its overall or specialized business activities.eCommerce is best described in a transactional context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, discipline, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a donation of e businesseMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy.Difference Between E Marketing And Interactive MarketingeMarketing is a broader term that descr ibes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is generally a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction.Difference Between E-Markeitng And Internet Or Web Marketing at that place is no real difference amongst eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, both terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffy Internet or web marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.Whilst this distinction is wholly acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices.Advantages Of E-MarketingFollo wing are some of the advantages of e marketingReduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media.Faster response to both marketers and the end user.Increased ability to measure and collect data.Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization.Increased interactivity.Disadvantages Of E-MarketingFollowing are some disadvantages of eMarketinglack of personal approach ,Defensibility on technology,Security, privacy issues,Maintenance costs cod to a constantly evolving environment,Higher transparency of determine and increased price promotion,Worldwide competition through globalization.E-Marketing PlaneMarketing course of study is a strategic memorandum developed through depth psychology and interrogation and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the org anizations overall marketing plan.In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both ingrained and outside(a) factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are price, suppliers, guests. Examples or macro environment are socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to depress a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the current situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and so strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally achieved through drudgery analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and threats one abide devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line.E-Marketing(In Brief)eMarketing is essential ly a part of marketing. ButWhat is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing?What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing?The American marketing association definition 2004 is as followsMarketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that put on the organization and its stakeholders.Therefore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that chair to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives.This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is plain buying and selling onlineWhat Are The E-Mark eting Tools?The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer.A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com,A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com,The money collection part of a transaction could be through with(p) online e.g. electricity and telephone bills,Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk,The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords,Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show.How Do Marketers Plan For E-Marketing?There are two ways to looking itAn existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan.An organization trades solely on the internet and so their marketing plan pointes purely on eMarketing.The marketing plan in either case is the future(a) step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC from our generic marketing planning sessionSituation Analysis For VIRTUAL MarketingThe situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the internal audit and competitor research. It answers the question where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the application of deck out analysis.The Customer liveliness Cycle (CLC)The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market ori ented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered. elevate Analysis-Ranked And WeightedSWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a power SWOT.SWOT Analysis-Power SWOTSWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to grapple your SWOT as you begin to learn about marketing tools. As you learn more about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, stress detail, and rank priorities. This is how it works.How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or simple gut olfactory modality will impact the SWOT.Often marketing managers will in adversely reverse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global warming and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential opportunity.Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some points will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 % they total 100%Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to find is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a lecturer very much. What is really meant is Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the opportunity of a distinct competitive advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight for each one element.Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can then progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities primarily since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to rephrase threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them.Competitor Research For Virtual Marketing (External Perspective)As y ou plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one need to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shifting depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. determination search engines.General topics such as Google, yahoo And msnType names of competitorsType industry, product or termSearch down in to a directory structure e.g. yahooSearch a competitors web siteProduct information , press acquittanced, job opportunitiesPricing information Distribution information such as where to buy.Hunt for trade associationsSearch for personal pages or blogsDifferent perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. e.g. www. blogger. com , www. myspace. com,www. youtube. Com.Ask your targe t market.Send question to named personnel, newsgroups, personal pages, poster lists.Conduct a survey using.Buy secondary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel.Newsgroups and post queries,newsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Deja. com(Google) Read online financial informationresearch creation companiesiii.co.uk ample upft.com upRead online competitive information.e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inusStudy demographic reportsstatistics.gov.uk/ census in upcensus.gov inusOriginal source materialBusiness source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass.Monitor special interest materialBusiness source elite, newspaper, Kellys, compass.Monitor special interest material.E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE).Use a professional researcherEMarketing MixThe eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when m arketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution.E marketing PriceThe eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.E Marketing Place Place Tactics As Part Of The E-Marketing Mix.)The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place.Pre Existing companies that have adopted eMarketingThese are traditional companies that trade on the internet,Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tre mendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high street selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches.E marketing ProductConsidered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product vitality Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product.For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpred ictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an unquestionable tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term product, they can be easily alter to include brands. Services or solutions.E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online secondary, an online groundbreaker (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detailA- Online ExtenderAn on line extender is an existing business that has a strateg y whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market.B- Online AlternativesThe online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an original channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets.C And D- Online InnovatorsOnline innovators come in two formsC- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and innovative products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience.D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience.We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product.E Marketing PromotionIt looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers many important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches.It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising.Lesson internet marketing and pr omotion internet advertising.This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising.Pay per click advertising Google ad words.Google ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you finalize upon key word that relates closely to your product or service.Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and earnings Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a affirm Google awards professional.Adverts appear alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. T he ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected heart and soul websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the right hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed.There is also an opportunity for Smart pricing whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser.Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising therefore the huge rises in income and profit for Google over recent times.EMarketing Price (Pricing Tactics As Part Of The E-Marketing Mix.)The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditi onal marketing mix and P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. International pricing and competition give consumers retrieve to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is seamy to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes) Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay. Greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes p ricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance. Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair directness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay.Traditional Pricing Tactics Used In E-MarketingOf course the internet marketers still has a whole s election of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenariosPremium Pricing E.g. Selling symphony Via ITunes.Penetration pricing e.g. giving away free subscription to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com.Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips.Price skimming e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games.Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective).Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 free, subscription 2 $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 $49.99 for 10 year.Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive.Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance.Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one br and, your updates must also come from them.Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls.Promotional pricing e.g. betting incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com.Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets.Search Marketing coming And YahooOverture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples1) Sponsored search Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to obtain the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. habitual keywords will cost more-obviously.2) Local advertising Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services.Overture has many other similar services such as search submit, product submit, travel submit and director submit that could be considered.Affiliate MarketingAffiliate Marketing is where an organization offers and incentive to other web based organizations to market the products or services that it offers. So a company selling surfboards could have harmonise destinations. The affiliate program is supplied by one organization whereas the affiliate is the website that promotes on behalf of the supplying organization.Put simply affiliate marketing is a basic agency arrangement. There is rarely and pay per click cash, but affiliates tend to take a commission on any goods sold as a result of t he click. What does it look like? Affiliate marketing sees a banners advert or a text advert placed upon an affiliates website. When the advert attracts a click, the visitor is taken through to the site that originated the affiliated program. No cash changes hands until there is a sale, but affiliate rewards tend to be higher than regular pay per click.Commission Junction (CJ) is a well known example of an affiliate marketing company. CJ acts as an mediator between affiliate programs. Suppliers of all types and sizes. So if you have a successful website, that does well in the search engines and is popular with visitors, you such old register with CJ and place affiliate add on to your site.Offline promotions strategies.Of course to promote website you should also consider offline promotion strategies such as those used by non internet businesses. Our lesson store contains lessons on promotion (as part of the marketing mix) and also marketing communication (and its own mix) here sele ction of other suitable approaches to offline promotionCreate a media release or announce a media conference regarding yo

A Comparison of the Magic in The Rocking-Horse Winner and A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings :: Rocking Horse Enormous Wings Essays

A Comparison of the wizard(prenominal) in The Rocking-Horse Winner and A Very ancient Man WithEnormous WingsMagic arises out of the two main characters of D.H. Lawrences TheRocking-Horse Winner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Paul, in the first story,pulls out higher forces to help him decide who the winner of the next horse racewill be. In the Marquez story, a nameless and elderly angel lands on earth toexperience first hand the human behavior he strives to correct. The magic inthe air gives these stories a feeling of suspense. They are horrifying, if notin the Stephen King horror genre. These tales encompass an undeniable amount ofmagic, faith, greed, vindication and misunderstanding.Pelayo and Elisenda, in the Garcia Marquez yarn, find the somebody retrieveron his way to take their child to heaven, or so it is thought. The magicalangels identity had to be discovered by a neighbor of the couple because theydidnt commend that an angel could wind up on their land. Who would think of anangel landing? Meanwhile, Paul doesnt show when he discovers the magical powerof the rocking horse he accepted as a gift one year. He does ride it often asLawrence describes. The stories are bound by the fact that the magical thingsthey discover are unbelievable at best. They often criticize Paul for hisaffection for a horse he should have outgrown long ago. No one would believethat the rocking-horse fundamentally talked to him. Although the characters in AVery Old Man with Enormous Wings believe that an angel is in their presence,they have no idea what to do with him. No one had ever dealt with a spirit onthis level before.As he rocked back and forth on his rocking horse, Paul had faith in conclusion the winner of the next horse race. For some reason they could notexplain, Pauls uncle and Bassett had faith in him to pick it. They kept makingmoney on the young son with faith. The boy, whose parents had no luck, also hadthe faith that they did not have. Sadly, his faith killed him . He wanted somuch to rid the house of the voices he heard that he set himself to death fromthe intense pressure he placed upon himself. When he died, he killed the voicesas the spiritual world claimed the only member of the family with luck.A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings shows that the people in this smallfan can have some level of faith without directly showing it.

The History of General Mills :: General Mills Company Cereal Companies Essays

The History of ecumenical MillsThe federation, General Mills, for which I was assigned, proved to be a worthwhile investment researching since it contains a large portion of the market share of its niche, that being breakfast cereals and the like. In conducting the research necessary to observe out if a potential investor might strike interest upon General Mills, we find out a myriad of things. By drawing our attention towards the spreadsheet, which contains the bits of information we need to infer conclusions, we can see the patterns that develop over a 5 or 10 year period involving such things as stock price, EPS, ROI, and many others. The following will give some insight into the history of General Mills among other things.Tracing its history back to 1866, General Mills is one of Americas largest food companies, employing 10,000 people worldwide and generating over $5 billion in sales annually. Responsible for some of Americas best-known foods, General Mills manufactures and d istributes such staples as Betty Crocker cake mix, Gold medallion flour, Bisquick pancake mix, Yoplait yogurt, and Popsecret popcorn. The company also manufactures breakfast cereals, including Cheerios, Trix, Lucky Charms, and Cocoa Puffs. Its common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange using the ticker image GIS. General Millss original name was the Washburn Crosby Company, which created legendary Twin Cities broadcaster WCCO. The founders of the Washburn Crosby Company included Congressman Cadwallader Colden Washburn.In 1990, General Mills and Nestl started a 50/50 joint venture called Cereal Partners Worldwide to market breakfast cereals for both the United States and Europe. CPW distributes cereals manufactured by both companies under the Nestl brand name. Just precedent to that, in 1988, General Mills sold General Mills Specialty Retail Group, which was the parent company of both Eddie Bauer and Talbots. Eddie Bauer is now defunct.The company merged with Pillsbury in 2001. While many of the Pillsbury-branded products are still manufactured by General Mills, some products had to be sold off to allow the merger since the new company would have held a very strong monopoly position.