Part Four Chapter VII

VII It was a bright, balmy morning, and the computing lab at Winterdown Comprehensive became stuffy as lunchtime approached, the dirty windows speckling the dusty monitors with distracting spots of light. Even though there was no Fats or Gaia here to distract him, Andrew Price could not concentrate. He could think of nothing but what he had overheard his parents discussing the previous evening. They had been talking, quite seriously, about moving to Reading, where Ruth's sister and brother-in-law lived. With his ear turned towards the open kitchen door, Andrew had hovered in the tiny dark hall and listened: Simon, it appeared, had been offered a job, or the possibility of a job, by the uncle whom Andrew and Paul barely knew, because Simon disliked him so much. ‘It's less money,' Simon had said. ‘You don't know that. He hasn't said – ‘ ‘Bound to be. And it'll be more expensive all round, living there.' Ruth made a noncommital noise. Scarcely daring to breathe in the hall, Andrew could tell, by the mere fact that his mother was not rushing to agree with Simon, that she wanted to go. Andrew found it impossible to imagine his parents in any house but Hilltop House, or against any backdrop but Pagford. He had taken it for granted that they would remain there for ever. He, Andrew, would leave one day for London, but Simon and Ruth would remain rooted to the hillside like trees, until they died. He had crept back upstairs to his bedroom and stared out of the window at the twinkling lights of Pagford, cupped in the deep black hollow between the hills. He felt as though he had never seen the view before. Somewhere down there, Fats was smoking in his attic room, probably looking at porn on his computer. Gaia was there too, absorbed in the mysterious rites of her gender. It occurred to Andrew that she had been through this; she had been torn away from the place she knew and transplanted. They had something profoundly in common at last; there was almost melancholy pleasure in the idea that, in leaving, he would share something with her. But she had not caused her own displacement. With a squirming unease in his guts, he had picked up his mobile and texted Fats: Si-Pie offered job in Reading. Might take it. Fats had still not responded, and Andrew had not seen him all morning, because they shared none of their classes. He had not seen Fats for the previous two weekends either, because he had been working at the Copper Kettle. Their longest conversation, recently, had concerned Fats' posting about Cubby on the council website. ‘I think Tessa suspects,' Fats had told Andrew casually. ‘She keeps looking at me like she knows.' ‘What're you gonna say?' Andrew had muttered, scared. He knew Fats' desire for glory and credit, and he knew Fats' passion for wielding the truth as a weapon, but he was not sure that his friend understood that his own pivotal role in the activities of the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother must never be revealed. It had never been easy to explain to Fats the reality of having Simon as a father, and, somehow, Fats was becoming more difficult to explain things to. When his IT teacher had passed by out of sight, Andrew looked up Reading on the internet. It was huge compared with Pagford. It had an annual music festival. It was only forty miles from London. He contemplated the train service. Perhaps he would go up to the capital at weekends, the way he currently took the bus to Yarvil. But the whole thing seemed unreal: Pagford was all he had ever known; he still could not imagine his family existing anywhere else. At lunchtime Andrew headed straight out of school, looking for Fats. He lit up a cigarette just out of sight of the grounds, and was delighted to hear, as he was slipping his lighter casually back into his pocket, a female voice that said, ‘Hey'. Gaia and Sukhvinder caught up with him. ‘All right,' he said, blowing smoke away from Gaia's beautiful face. The three of them had something these days that nobody else had. Two weekends' work at the cafe had created a fragile bond between them. They knew Howard's stock phrases, and had endured Maureen's prurient interest in all of their home lives; they had smirked together at her wrinkled knees in the too-short waitress's dress and had exchanged, like traders in a foreign land, small nuggets of personal information. Thus the girls knew that Andrew's father had been sacked; Andrew and Sukhvinder knew that Gaia was working to save for a train ticket back to Hackney; and he and Gaia knew that Sukhvinder's mother hated her working for Howard Mollison. ‘Where's your Fat friend?' she asked, as the three of them fell into step together. ‘Dunno,' said Andrew. ‘Haven't seen him.' ‘No loss,' said Gaia. ‘How many of those do you smoke a day?' ‘Don't count,' said Andrew, elated by her interest. ‘D'you want one?' ‘No,' said Gaia. ‘I don't like smoking.' He wondered instantly whether the dislike extended to kissing people who smoked. Niamh Fairbrother had not complained when he had stuck his tongue into her mouth at the school disco. ‘Doesn't Marco smoke?' asked Sukhvinder. ‘No, he's always in training,' said Gaia. Andrew had become almost inured to the thought of Marco de Luca by now. There were advantages to Gaia being safeguarded, as it were, by an allegiance beyond Pagford. The power of the photographs of them together on her Facebook page had been blunted by his familiarity with them. He did not think it was his own wishful thinking that the messages she and Marco left for each other were becoming less frequent and less friendly. He could not know what was happening by telephone or email, but he was sure that Gaia's air, when he was mentioned, was dispirited. ‘Oh, there he is,' said Gaia. It was not the handsome Marco who had come into view, but Fats Wall, who was talking to Dane Tully outside the newsagent's. Sukhvinder braked, but Gaia grabbed her upper arm. ‘You can walk where you like,' she said, tugging her gently onwards, her flecked green eyes narrowing as they approached the place where Fats and Dane were smoking. ‘All right, Arf,' called Fats, as the three of them came close. ‘Fats,' said Andrew. Trying to head off trouble, especially Fats bullying Sukhvinder in front of Gaia, he asked, ‘Did you get my text?' ‘What text?' said Fats. ‘Oh yeah – that thing about Si? You leaving, then, are you?' It was said with a cavalier indifference that Andrew could only attribute to the presence of Dane Tully. ‘Yeah, maybe,' said Andrew. ‘Where are you going?' asked Gaia. ‘My old man's been offered a job in Reading,' said Andrew. ‘Oh, that's where my dad lives!' said Gaia in surprise. ‘We could hang out when I go and stay. The festival's awesome. D'you wanna get a sandwich, then, Sooks?' Andrew was so stupefied by her voluntary offer to spend time with him, that she had disappeared into the newsagent's before he could gather his wits and agree. For a moment, the dirty bus stop, the newsagent's, even Dane Tully, tattooed and shabby in a T-shirt and tracksuit bottoms, seemed to glow with an almost celestial light. ‘Well, I got things to do,' said Fats. Dane sniggered. Before Andrew could say anything or offer to accompany him, he had loped away. Fats was sure that Andrew would be nonplussed and hurt by his cool attitude, and he was glad of it. Fats did not ask himself why he was glad, or why a general desire to cause pain had become his overriding emotion in the last few days. He had lately decided that questioning your own motives was inauthentic; a refinement of his personal philosophy that had made it altogether easier to follow. As he headed into the Fields, Fats thought about what had happened at home the previous evening, when his mother had entered his bedroom for the first time since Cubby had punched him. (‘That message about your father on the Parish Council website,' she had said. ‘I've got to ask you this, Stuart, and I wish – Stuart, did you write it?' It had taken her a few days to summon the courage to accuse him, and he was prepared. ‘No,' he said. Perhaps it would have been more authentic to say yes, but he had preferred not to, and he did not see why he should have to justify himself. ‘You didn't?' she repeated, with no change of tone or expression. ‘No,' he repeated. ‘Because very, very few people know what Dad †¦ what he worries about.' ‘Well, it wasn't me.' ‘The post went up the same evening that Dad and you had the row, and Dad hit – ‘ ‘I've told you, I didn't do it.' ‘You know he's ill, Stuart.' ‘Yeah, so you keep telling me.' ‘I keep telling you because it's true! He can't help it – he's got a serious mental illness that causes him untold distress and misery.' Fats' mobile had beeped, and he had glanced down at a text from Andrew. He read it and experienced an air punch to the midriff: Arf leaving for good. ‘I'm talking to you, Stuart – ‘ ‘I know – what?' ‘All these posts – Simon Price, Parminder, Dad – these are all people you know. If you're behind all this – ‘ ‘I've told you, I'm not.' ‘ – you're causing untold damage. Serious, awful damage, Stuart, to people's lives.' Fats was trying to imagine life without Andrew. They had known each other since they were four. ‘It's not me,' he had said.) Serious, awful damage to people's lives. They had made their lives, Fats thought scornfully as he turned into Foley Road. The victims of the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother were mired in hypocrisy and lies, and they didn't like the exposure. They were stupid bugs running from bright light. They knew nothing about real life. He could see a house ahead that had a bald tyre lying on the grass in front of it. He had a strong suspicion that that was Krystal's, and when he saw the number, he knew he was right. He had never been here before. He would never have agreed to meet her at her home during the lunch hour a couple of weeks ago, but things changed. He had changed. They said that her mother was a prostitute. She was certainly a junkie. Krystal had told him that the house would be empty because her mother would be at Bellchapel Addiction Clinic, receiving her allotted amount of methadone. Fats walked up the garden path without slowing, but with unexpected trepidation. Krystal had been on the watch for him, from her bedroom window. She had closed the doors of every room downstairs, so that all he would see was the hall; she had thrown everything that had spilt into it back into the sitting room and kitchen. The carpet was gritty and burnt in places, and the wallpaper stained, but she could do nothing about that. There had been none of the pine-scented disinfectant left, but she had found some bleach and sloshed that around the kitchen and bathroom, both of them sources of the worst smells in the house. When he knocked, she ran downstairs. They did not have long; Terri would probably be back with Robbie at one. Not long to make a baby. ‘Hiya,' she said, when she opened the door. ‘All right?' said Fats, blowing out smoke through his nostrils. He did not know what he had expected. His first glimpse of the interior of the house was of a grimy bare box. There was no furniture. The closed doors to his left and ahead were strangely ominous. ‘Are we the only ones here?' he asked as he crossed the threshold. ‘Yeah,' said Krystal. ‘We c'n go upstairs. My room.' She led the way. The deeper inside they went, the worse the smell became: mingled bleach and filth. Fats tried not to care. All doors were closed on the landing, except one. Krystal went inside. Fats did not want to be shocked, but there was nothing in the room except a mattress, which was covered with a sheet and a bare duvet, and a small pile of clothes heaped up in a corner. A few pictures ripped from tabloid newspapers were sellotaped to the wall; a mixture of pop stars and celebrities. Krystal had made her collage the previous day, in imitation of the one on Nikki's bedroom wall. Knowing that Fats was coming over, she had wanted to make the room more hospitable. She had drawn the thin curtains. They gave a blueish tinge to daylight. ‘Gimme a fag,' she said. ‘I'm gasping.' He lit it for her. She was more nervous than he had ever seen her; he preferred her cocky and worldly. ‘We ain' got long,' she told him, and with the cigarette in her mouth, she began to strip. ‘Me mum'll be back.' ‘Yeah, at Bellchapel, isn't she?' said Fats, somehow trying to harden Krystal up again in his mind. ‘Yeah,' said Krystal, sitting on the mattress and pulling off her tracksuit bottoms. ‘What if they close it?' asked Fats, taking off his blazer. ‘I heard they're thinking about it.' ‘I dunno,' said Krystal, but she was frightened. Her mother's willpower, fragile and vulnerable as a fledgling chick, could fail at the slightest provocation. She had already stripped to her underwear. Fats was taking off his shoes when he noticed something nestled beside her heaped clothes: a small plastic jewellery box lying open, and curled inside, a familiar watch. ‘Is that my mum's?' he said, in surprise. ‘What?' Krystal panicked. ‘No,' she lied. ‘It was my Nana Cath's. Don't – !' But he had already pulled it out of the box. ‘It is hers,' he said. He recognized the strap. ‘It fuckin' ain't!' She was terrified. She had almost forgotten that she had stolen it, where it had come from. Fats was silent, and she did not like it. The watch in Fats' hand seemed to be both challenging and reproaching him. In quick succession he imagined walking out, slipping it casually into his pocket, or handing it back to Krystal with a shrug. ‘It's mine,' she said. He did not want to be a policeman. He wanted to be lawless. But it took the recollection that the watch had been Cubby's gift to make him hand it back to her and carry on taking off his clothes. Scarlet in the face, Krystal tugged off bra and pants and slipped, naked, beneath the duvet. Fats approached her in his boxer shorts, a wrapped condom in his hand. ‘We don' need that,' said Krystal thickly. ‘I'm takin' the pill now.' ‘Are you?' She moved over on the mattress for him. Fats slid under the duvet. As he pulled off his boxers, he wondered whether she was lying about the pill, like the watch. But he had wanted to try without a condom for a while. ‘Go on,' she whispered, and she tugged the little foil square out of his hand and threw it on top of his blazer, crumpled on the floor. He imagined Krystal pregnant with his child; the faces of Tessa and Cubby when they heard. His kid in the Fields, his flesh and blood. It would be more than Cubby had ever managed. He climbed on top of her; this, he knew, was real life.

Christmas Carol Essay

Have you ever met a man so jolly that you could see â€Å"†¦ he was all in a glow†¦ † and so jolly that his euphoric spirit just poured off him like wine into a glass? Or, possibly, you have met a man so poor that his warmth for the winter is a mere flicker of a flame on a candlewick? Dickens demonstrates through the use of such characters that it does not matter how much money you posses, a person can hold a personality and characteristics independent of their financial status. Scrooge’s nephew, Fred, is a charismatic young man, who, lives each second as though it were his last. Most importantly, Fred thinks a great deal about Christmas and how it should be celebrated with great caring spirit. Fred asks Scrooge â€Å"to dine† with them on Christmas Day, but Scrooge explains he â€Å"†¦ would see him in extremity first. † This shows the cruel, cold-hearted nature of Mr. Scrooge. But for Scrooge’s nephew to leave â€Å"†¦ the room without an angry word†¦ † proves that Fred is a true, delightful person that opens his care to even the most miserable of people. As Fred leaves the building and passes by Bob Cratchit, the clerk, he â€Å"†¦ bestows the greetings of the season on the clerk†¦ † This scene has a great importance to show, the pleasant nature of Fred and the depressing character of Scrooge. In this same scene, Dickens under-mines the whole reason for the importance of Fred and Bob. Fred, although not as rich as Scrooge, still manages to â€Å"enjoy his wealth† and be a jolly person. Scrooge is unbelievably wealthy, and yet he does not spend even the smallest amount of his money to enjoy himself. â€Å"What reason have you to be merry? You’re poor enough. † This shows that Scrooge thinks all happiness is to do with wealth, yet if that were true, he would be happy himself, would he not? It is apparent, therefore, that Dickens created Fred as another side of the ‘Rich Man’ character that we see in Scrooge, the stereotypical miserable rich loner. Bob, unlike Fred, is the ‘Poor Man’ and the antithesis of Scrooge in the story. Thus, Dickens created a symbolic character to emulate the Lower classes. He is treated so unbelievably cruelly by Scrooge, yet, he remains a cheerful man who enjoys his Christmas. Without Fred and Bob, the story would not show that money means nothing in terms of happiness. We meet Fred again at his Christmas party, as people put Scrooge down with horrible but vital words to the moral, â€Å"His wealth is of no use to him. He don’t do any good with it. † This action helps us to understand that although Scrooge could give pleasure with the wealth his possesses, he does not and is miserable. Fred helps the reader to understand, by explaining that Scrooge should not be â€Å"despised but pitied†. Fred quietly explained to us the first time we met him, Scrooge’s money does him no good and that â€Å"his offences carry their own punishment. † Fred is almost the complete opposite of Mr. Scrooge and the scene shows how compassionate he is and how caring he can be. This is important to the story because it gives Scrooge a chance to redeem himself from the mistakes he has made and shows us that someone in the world still cares for him. It also shows us what Scrooge can become, for both Fred and Scrooge come from very similar backgrounds. If Fred can enjoy Christmas, why can’t Scrooge? Although Bob is unlike Fred in the sense that they do not own the same amount of money, they are similar when you compare their loving nature. Bob cares so much for his family that when he is told his daughter is not coming for Christmas dinner, his joyous nature collapses and he has a â€Å"sudden declension of high spirits. † Also, when Bob gives a toast to â€Å"Mr Scrooge† his wife insults Scrooge; Even though Scrooge depreciates Bob, Bob honours his authority by standing up for his dignity and demonstrates his loyalty to Scrooge. This character, like Fred, is caring but makes the reader believe that Scrooge is an awful cold-hearted man and to be so hurtful to such a joyful man is inhumane. That is why at the end of the story we understand that scrooge has changed because he now shows that he can also care for these characters and that by giving others money and caring for his workers, one of the morals of this story is explicated. Such an important personality cannot be missed for many of the morals throughout these staves. The importance of these characters cannot be put on a scale, but I can say that these characters are needed for the story to progress and without them; such significant messages cannot be made. I conclude that, although the names of the characters may not matter, the overall situations and characters of Fred and Bob, are pivotal because they show that it does not matter how much money you have, you can still be happy, honour others and make others happy. Fred and Bob are employed by Charles Dickens to show this in antithesis to Scrooge.

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Research methods - Essay Example The proto-typical qualitative study is the ethnography which helps the reader understands the definitions of the situation of those studies† (Aukerman, pp. 1, 2010). The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the various methods and techniques of research. The research methods for both kinds of researches have their limitations and strengths. Quantitative research methods are usually in relation with experimental methodologies involving statistical analysis. On the other hand, qualitative research methodologies facilitate researchers in assessing and analyzing social and cultural phenomena. There are many methods available for the collection of qualitative data, each with its own strengths and limitations. Researchers make choices about research methods depending on a number of factors, such as level (e.g., social or community or personal), availability of time, financial resource availability, and cultural or situational suitability (e.g., type of interaction, privacy requirements, and literacy). All kinds of qualitative research together with ethnography are under characterization by their commitment to learn and understand the viewpoints of others. They focus on behaviors and try to derive meanings from their observations (Schensul, pp. 1-3, 2008). In case of qualitative research, the commonly used methods include observations, interviews, focused group discussion and ethnographic survey. Observation is essential to good qualitative research. This method is very useful for the collection of various sorts of behavioral or interactional data. The collection of observational data from open-ended (a search for pattern) to closed and coded (a search for pattern confirmation) ranges. The observations can be in the form of recording the behaviors and patterns as participant observer or more focused systematic and structured forms of observation. Good qualitative researchers usually employ

Diasporas Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diasporas Readings - Essay Example Also, as stated in the website, the U.S. government has forecast a shortage of 20 million workers by 2026. The result of these is the increasing number of Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese and Indians, comprising the labor force. Within the last ten years, the Indian population in the U.S. doubled due to demand in labor together with the increase of Indians sponsoring their families. (US Immigration Facts, 2011). Two articles, Melwani (2006) and Kurien (2005) were taken into consideration about the socio-cultural adaptations of Indians in the United States Socio-cultural Assimilations In terms of psychographics (social and cultural aspect), Indians regard the family unit is considered to be more important than the individual, respect value and age, have diverse religious beliefs and are conscious of their food and beverage consumption (Chacko, 2009). Being in the Unites States, the immigrant Asian Indians have been, in one way or another, â€Å"Americanized†. Their names, food preferences, outfit and some beliefs changed as a way of adaptation and also for the mighty dollar (Melwani, 2006). The changes, adaptations while keeping their identity have become major issues for the Indians. Melwani (2006) gave different accounts about some Indians and their moral quandaries. Some of them have become chefs and restaurant owners facing the dilemma of preparing beef, which is very sacred to them, to satisfy the cravings of their Western consumers. Being vegetarians, they also try not to eat meat. Suvir Saran, a chef in New York City, stated that he never tasted what he was cooking and relied completely on his sense of touch and smell and sight and it was very tough for him. Some Indians also had no choice and tried to taste meat as part of their job which they now consider without moral tension. Other Indian businessmen also own hotels and liquor stores which serves alcoholic beverages. For them, things related to sex and sexual intercourse are considered taboo, b ut to those who live in America, conversations about these things are regarded as normal. There were some Indians who own shops selling sex videos, sex toys and strip shows. One of the most basic possessions of Indians also changes in America. As stated by Melwani (2006), in a lightning flash, the names of the Almighty, like Krishna, Mahesh, Vishnu and Shankar mutate into Chris, Mike, Vic and Sandy. Clothings and outfits also changed, the sari and bindi (symbol of a woman’s marital status) were now replaced with modern skirts and dresses. Indians in the corporate world now wear corporate dresses instead of saris and kaajals. According to Diditi Mitra of Brookdale Community College, as cited by Melwani (2006), the moral conundrums are negotiated not just by immigrants, but also by people in India. It is now all about negotiation. Situations were as follows: vegetarian families eat meat outside their homes; young men drink and smoke outside but not near their parents; and they eat with knife and fork with international clients but go back to eating with bare hands at home. Kurien in 2005 discussed an article about the identity struggles of second-generation Indian Americans. He cited Portes and Rumbaut (2001) stating that that the most successful strategy for such second-generation Indian Americans to follow is a process of â€Å"selective acculturation† whereby they incorporate themselves into mainstream society while retaining some of the parents’

The Meaning of Manifest Destiny Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Meaning of Manifest Destiny - Coursework Example Polk occupied the controversial Texas land that was under dispute. Polk was not right in his actions in the sense that it meant the annexation of the Texas region would mean imposition of the American law to other territories. Polks actions brought about the famous American-Mexican civil war. The Mexican government responded to the annexation of Texas by confronting America through diplomatic means to the extent that it led to a civil war. Abraham Lincoln disagreed with the Polks position that Texas was to be annexed and put under the United States (Tindall and David 214). Abraham Lincoln, in his opposition to the annexation of Texas, introduced the spot resolution. In the resolution, Licoln demanded that president Polk indicate how the Americans had been affected to warrant annexation. The Manifest destiny had both positive and negative consequences. The positive issue is that the US won in its expansion process, however, it brought unprecedented bad blood between Mexico and America. The Aftermath of the civil war raised immense suspicion between the two

Human resources and conflict management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resources and conflict management - Essay Example Theoretical knowledge is extremely important in identifying the needs of the people and organization as well as the nature of the conflicts. My father has an appliance repair business and around 35 employees are working in our business. These employees are working in various departments such as servicing or maintenance, pickup and delivery, customer care, billing, sales etc. Moreover, people from different cultures are different nationalities are also working in our business. This paper analyses how human resource management and conflict management concepts I learned from my classes can be effectively applied in our business as well as in personal life. â€Å"Equal opportunity employment refers to the approach of the employers to ensure the practice of being fair and impartial in the employment process†(Equal employment opportunity, 2007). In my organization, we are keen to avoid cases of any kind of employment discrimination. We normally respect merit rather than the colour of skin or gender differences while recruiting and promoting employees. At the time of recruitment of employees, we value the academic achievements, technical skills, communication abilities decision making abilities and problem solving skills of the candidates rather than the culture, race, skin colour or gender of the candidates. â€Å"Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an enterprise in exchange for service rendered by employees†(Employee benefits, n.d., p.165). It can be divided into two categories; short term benefits and post- employment benefits. Wages, salaries, incentives, etc come under short term benefits whereas benefits given at the time of retirement or after the retirement are labeled as post-employment benefits. We have arranged a contributory pension plan for all the employees working in our organization. We deduct 10% from the basic salaries of each employee and deposit 20% (10% from employee salary +10% from our account) in the name of

Crap ( this professor is horrible) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crap ( this professor is horrible) - Assignment Example Students learn about organization theory not only because it is a must, but because they acquire the skills essential for theorizing. For example, students examine themselves once in a while and this allows them to form ideas and expectations that are likely to motivate them to theorize. It is a process that would not work when there is no training. Most students would also not care to take it seriously, if it were not a requirement. Hence, because it is a requirement, a student has to train and learn everyday about organization theory. Moreover, it ensures that their theorizing skill gets refined, resulting to students with accumulated body of knowledge. The other purpose is that it guides research (Professor Kelsey, 2012). To researchers, knowing how to learn and apply organizational theory allows them to adopt a positive view of an organization. A view that is less mechanical. For this reason, researchers carrying out surveys on organizations pay more attention to the staff members, seeking to establish how human satisfaction functions in an organization. Organizational theory informs practice in three different ways. The first way is that it forms a frame of reference. Application of organizational theory in organizations, allows members of an organization to take note of how the political and human resource flames relate to them. For instance, the human resource frames in an organization reflect on its management and the political frames show its leadership relations (Nelson & Quick, 2012). The theory allows leaders to understand the nature of organizations, which in turn allows them to know how to deal with certain organizational situations. Such knowledge allows the leaders to know how to manage the organization most effectively. The other way that the theory informs practice is that it acts as a guide to reflective decision-making. Correctly applying organizational theory influences the behavior or the people applying it

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella - Essay Example (c). Epidemiology of rubella: â€Å"In 2000, the National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC) in Ireland reported 1,221 cases of rubella by August of that year.† The occurrence of the disease was as a result of people fearing to be vaccinated against measles (Shmaefsky, p.61). (d). Pathogenesis and pathology of Rubella involved measles virus entering the body system, then to the epithelial cells, and finally to the blood where it multiplies (MPS). In blood the virus advances to general toxic level. The general toxic level of the disease is associated with the presentation of rashes and pigmentation (Shmaefsky, p.83). (e). Clinical manifestations of Rubella appeared after an incubation period 6-18 days. The clinical signs included fever, catarrhal inflammation, and appearance prodromal rashes on the skin surface (Shmaefsky, p.85). (c). The epidemiology of Ruboela: In the first ten years after its discovery, the disease caused approximately 6,000 deaths each year. Approximately 3 to 4 million people in the U.S got measles each year. Each year was also associated with about 500 deaths, 48,000 hospitalization cases, and 4,000 developed encephalitis as a result of measles. (Black, p.90). (d). The pathogenesis and pathology of Ruboela involves measles virus entering the body, then virus moves to the epithelial cells, then to blood where it multiplies (MPS), blood and later generates to general toxic level. When it is at the general level, Ruboela presents rashes (Black, p.90). (e). Clinical manifestation of Ruboela start to appear after approximately ten days after being exposed to the measles virus, a person infected with measles depicts rash, high fever, and runny nose (Black, p.91). (c). Epidemiology of mumps: the largest number of cases of mumps was reported in 1941 when the incidence of the disease was approximately 250 cases in a population of 100,000 people

Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project - Research Paper Example This improves service delivery. The most crucial step in enhancing customer service quality is hiring qualified personnel. After hiring the right candidates, they should be trained to impart efficient customer service skills in relation to the company culture. Once absorbed into the company structures, employees should be empowered to provide. This provides them with a leeway and flexibility necessary in enhancing customer satisfaction. Feedback surveys confirm the efficiency of the training programs. The last stage of the process involves improvement of the outdated services and systems. Executive Summary Purpose of the Report The purpose of the report is to explain the impacts of customer service function in Delyumy Company, outlining the procedure followed in the formulation of efficient customer service training and show the benefits that the company attains from employee training. Secondary research included the use of various books and scholarly journals while the primary resea rch entailed the personal interviews with Rijkaard Reagan, Barry Feig and Jenifer Miles. Efficient Customer Service Training Findings from scholarly journals, books and personal interviews revealed that the golden rule for ensuring quality customer service is treating the employees well. Lack of proper treatment ranges from lack of recognition and rewards as well as inefficient training programs. ... After hiring the right candidates, they should be trained to impart efficient customer service skills in relation to the company culture. Once absorbed into the company structures, employees should be empowered to provide. This provides them with a leeway and flexibility necessary in enhancing customer satisfaction. Feedback surveys should be conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the training programs. The last stage of the process involves improvement of the outdated services and systems. Table of Contents Transmittal Memorandum 2 Executive Summary 2 Customer Service Training 5 Secondary Research 6 Customer Service 6 Benefits of Effective Customer Service 6 Customer Service Training 7 Benefits of Employee Training 8 Primary Research 8 Interviews 8 Conclusion 10 Recommendations 12 In a recent meeting, managers and supervisors for the company (your choice) where you work (your choice) expressed concerns about employees' customer-service skills. Moreover, they wondered whether a specific set of procedures should be established — especially for new employees. They have asked you to investigate the customer service practices at other companies like yours to determine what skills should be emphasized and what procedures — if any — should be adopted. Customer Service Training Customer service is the ability of an organization to constantly and consistently provide customers with what they require i.e. ensuring satisfaction. It can also be defined as encounters that customers have with employees as they engage in their duties. Customer service is the most visible and significant aspect of organizational performance, especially in the hotel industry.

Fuel economy in automobiles Essay Example for Free

Fuel economy in automobiles Essay Driving one of the new high-tech hybrids — cars that combine the power of a gas engine with an electric motor to reduce fuel consumption and emissions — may seem like something only an environmentalist or an engineer could get revved up about. The fact is, however, that a new generation of hybrid cars and trucks due to go on sale within the next 12 months offer a number of very practical advantages for families, from saving money to helping save the planet. Many experts are predicting 2004 will be the year that hybrids turn the corner from eco-friendly novelty to mainstream transportation. Theres never been a better time to consider a switch to one of these green, clean, gas-saving machines. Here, eight reasons a hybrid may be perfect for your family. 1. Theyre as comfortable to drive as conventional cars. Theres no difference between a hybrid and the gas-powered car parked in your garage — it can accelerate just as quickly and cruise just as fast on the highway, and it handles just as smoothly. Most important, hybrids are just as safe to drive. Well, there is one difference: Hybrids are super-quiet — sometimes you cant tell whether the engine is running or not! When power is not needed — at a red light, say, or in bumper-to-bumper traffic — the engine completely shuts down and revs up again when you press on the accelerator, meaning you dont waste gas or emit toxins. Hybrids run on a rechargeable battery and gasoline rather than gas alone, but the power shift between the gas engine and electric motor is so seamless that youre likely to forget about all the advanced technology moving you down the road. And theres no need to plug them in as you would with an all-electric car; the electric motor also acts as a generator during deceleration and braking to continually recharge the batteries as you drive. 2. Youre sure to find a model that fits your familys lifestyle. Currently, there are three popular hybrids on the market: Hondas compact two-seat Insight coupe, along with the midsize Toyota Prius four-door hatchback and the Honda Civic hybrid sedan, both of which seat five. But with half a dozen new hybrid models on their way, larger families will soon have more good choices. Look for everything from midsize family cars like the Honda Accord hybrid to hybrid versions of midsize sport-utility vehicles, like the Ford Escape, Toyota Highlander, and Lexus RX 400h, to full-size pickup trucks from Chevrolet, GMC, and Dodge to turn up in your local dealers showrooms within the next year. 3. Youll save money on gas. With gas prices soaring to more than two bucks a gallon in many parts of the country, theres no smarter reason to switch to a hybrid than fuel efficiency. Just compare the miles per gallon youre getting now with, for example, a Toyota Priuss 60 mpg in the city and 51 mpg on the highway. In fact, hybrid cars can go for more than 600 miles between fill-ups, meaning you should be able to cut visits to your neighborhood gas station in half, saving you time as well as money. If you drive 1,000 miles a month and your current car averages 20 miles per gallon, driving a hybrid could save $700 or more a year at the pump. 4. Youll be doing your part to help protect the environment. Not only do gasoline-electric hybrids get much better mileage than many standard cars, but most also produce about 90 percent fewer smog-forming tailpipe emissions compared with the average new car, according to Dave Hermance, head of Environmental Engineering for Toyota. 5. Youll set a good example for your kids. If you like the notion of leaving the world a better place for your children, driving a hybrid is one good way to transform that lofty ideal into a concrete move. Our actions as parents speak louder than our words, even with seemingly simple decisions. Owning an eco-friendly car does more to impart environmental values to your children than countless talks about saving the planet. 6. Youll get cash back from Uncle Sam. Federal tax credit up to $3,400! More financial incentive to buy a hybrid: The IRSs Clean Fuel Vehicle Tax Deduction allows you to take $1,500 off your 2004 federal tax bill (the deduction decreases by $500 a year until its phased out in 2007). You may also qualify for additional financial incentives offered by state and local agencies; log on to the U. S. Department of Energys Clean Cities Website (www.ccities. doe. gov/vbg/progs/laws. cgi) to learn more. 7. Theyre not all super-expensive. Hybrids tend to cost $1,500 to $2,400 more than mainstream cars (dont forget about that tax break and major gas savings). But they are becoming extremely popular: Many dealerships have a several-month waiting period for a new one. And it is perhaps this growing demand for hybrids that has sent a message to American automakers — whove been slower than their Japanese rivals to adopt this new technology — to build cleaner, more socially responsible cars. 8. Youll boost your coolness quotient. You cant put a price on this aspect of hybrid ownership, but suffice it to say, driving a hybrid car is a surefire conversation starter among coworkers, fellow parents, neighbors, and even total strangers. Just ask Hollywood hipsters Jennifer Aniston, Brad Pitt, Cameron Diaz, Larry David, and Leonardo DiCaprio — all happening hybrid owners. Reality Check Although hybrids offer some significant benefits, there are a couple of points to consider before you sign on the dotted line. * Energy efficiency All hybrids get better mileage than conventional cars, but there are two different approaches to the powering mechanism, in both current and upcoming models. Some, for example, get better fuel mileage in stop-and-go traffic, while others do better on the highway. Before you settle on a particular model, keep in mind how youll use the car — as a neighborhood shuttle service or a long-distance commuter-mobile. * Fuel emissions. If your goal is to drive the car or truck with the least possible environmental impact, youll want to spend some time researching your options. Different engine and even transmission choices can have a significant effect on a cars emissions profile. For example, a Honda Insight with a manual transmission gets better fuel economy than the automatic version, but the automatic version emits fewer pollutants. Essentially, some hybrids are cleaner than others — and conventionally powered cars with low emissions can be cleaner than certain hybrids. veraging 8. 5 million barrels/day.

Analysis of Inequality Reexamined by Amartya Sen

Analysis of Inequality Reexamined by Amartya Sen Harshal Bhoi Book: Inequality Reexamined Author: Amartya Sen The claims of equality in social arrangements are tested in Inequality Reexamined. Amartya Sen begins by identifying a common characteristic of virtually all the contemporary moral approaches to social arrangement. Amartya Sen studies thoroughly what equality and inequality are in different circumstances. The basic issue that divides the different approaches is not ‘whether equality’ but ‘equality of what’? Will a commitment to equality hide human differences? Let us consider some measurements on which equality may seem appealing such as rights, resources, achievements, and happiness. What’s more consider some of the facts of human diversity such as people differ in social circumstances, abilities and skills and preferences, and values. Diversity seems to cause problems for equality. The motive is differences along the latter dimensions do not include simultaneous equalization. Different skills and the differences of reward they command allude that equal rights will probably change into unequal material resources; differences of preference and value suggest that equal material resources will translate into unequal achievements. A blanket cling of equality, then, leads blindness to diversity. As an issue of human diversity, equality in any one area infers inequalities in others. One characteristic understanding of equality would oblige that individuals be guaranteed equal means for seeking after their disparate aims; a second would oblige that the distribution of resources guarantee everybody just as great results, similarly great lives. Amartya Sens Inequality Reexamined rejects both, arguing rather that individuals should face just as equally desirable life prospects-equal capability for working, to utilize his official terminology. Given the differing qualities of abilities, similarly attractive life prospects will oblige unequal means; given contrasts in what individuals make of their prospects, it will yield unequal results. Anyway, as indicated by Sen, it guarantees equality of effective freedom to accomplish prosperity. Inequality Reexamined covers numerous questions identified with inequality, its focal intention is to clarify Sens view that relevant egalitarianism calls for equality across individuals of abilities to function. Functionings consist of different doings and beings, for example, moving around, meeting expectations, being overall sustained, additionally more subjective states, for example, being happy and having sense of pride. Sens methodology from other egalitarian proposals essentially in two ways: 1 non-welfarist, as in workings other than satisfaction and 2non-resourcist as in the justness of a distribution cant be found out essentially by knowing the bundle of goods accessible to individuals. Sen advances the capability approach to solving a portion of the issues about which he is writing. The capability approach permits people the right and the ability to seek after their own particular prosperity inside their social orders. The equality Sen proclaims stems to a great extent from political and moral strengthening: It is a uniformity of chance. Sens capability methodology get conclusion to what people truly want. Sen wants to arrange his perspective as advocating equality of freedom to achieve as opposed to equality of opportunity, evidently in light of the fact that he discovers opportunity excessively related to a limited, formal conception. To complete the representation of the capability view, two capabilities concerning content and scope are vital. As to content: the necessity of equal capabilities for functioning does not oblige identity of capability sets. Unique capability sets may be just as great. Furthermore important, Sens intersection approach to the foundations of interpersonal correlations accentuates that matches of capacity sets may be incommensurable. Incommensurability emerges from the diversity of conceptions of the good. Incommensurability, and related limits on interpersonal comparisons of advantage, rises straight forwardly as an issue of the pluralism of conceptions of the good and the undesirability of resting correlations on a single conception; those points of confinement dont rely on upon epistemological or magical claims, or on natural gimmicks of extensive evaluative conceptions themselves. Assume we have full data and a set of conflicting conceptions of the good, each of which gives a complete ordering of capability sets. At that point, if we wish to find support within the diverse conceptions of the good for interpersonal correlations made for the reasons of a record of justice, we should face incommensurability. Anyway the wish to discover such support is itself one expression of the concern to accommodate diversity. An equivalent capability for functioning is a record of equity, not of the offset of political values. Despite the fact that Sen does not describe the full scope of political values, or their relative weight, he does note that equality of abilities is not a full account of justice. Consider two individuals who face the same limited capability set. In one case, then again, the limits reflect coercively forced legal restrictions; in the other they reflect internal weakness. In spite of the fact that this discrimination will go unrepresented in the space of capabilities, a conceivable record of justice cannot be for it. Thus, the capability perspective, central as it is for a theory of equality, cant be completely sufficient for it. There is a true need to acquire the demands of liberty as an additional principle. Any improvement in a specialists environment-cleaner water, for instance counts as a change capability for functioning: a change in water quality constitutes a change in the set of beings and doings that exist in an agents reach. However why does this change, separated from any further impacts it may have, constitute an increase in effective freedom? Improved water quality will probably reduce the amount of time that individuals need to use ensuring clean water, and that implies greater freedom. Be that as it may Sen goes further, demanding that the change itself constitutes an expansion of freedom, and not just a welfare gain. His reason is that the specialists would have chosen the change, and the idea of counterfactual decision what one would have chosen if one had the decision is relevant to ones freedom. Sens contention for the capability approach interfaces equality of capabilities to the naturally appealing thought of equivalent effective freedom. I agree with Sens stress on the estimation of effective freedom. Reasons behind being concerned with formal freedom are ordinarily also good reasons behind being concerned with effective freedom: in the event that we are concerned to guarantee formal freedom on account of its connection with the pride of individuals, or the importance of a public affirmation of equivalent worth, then we should likewise to be concerned about effective freedom with what people have the capacity do with their freedom. But Sen does not show a compelling case for the claim that ability for functioning explains the intuitive idea of effective freedom. Furthermore clearly capability is a more extensive thought. An additionally promising line of argument for the capability perspective proceeds by means of criticism of leading alternative accounts of equality. Sen argues specifically that the functioning perspective gives a superior interpretation of equality than equality of accomplishments or equality of means. Sens important focus in his discussion of equality of means is John Rawls. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls contends that justice commands the security of equal essential liberties and the maximization of the base level of earnings and wealth. Furthermore he urges that the fulfilment of these commands will accomplish the end of social justice, which is to increase the value to the slightest advantaged of the complete plan of equal liberty shared by all. The worth of liberty is a matter of what individuals can do with their rights-how beneficial the equal liberties are to them. As Rawlss emphasis on the worth of liberties indicates, then, he agrees with Sen that what matters for social justice is substantive or effective freedom. Where they disagree is that Rawls supposes that the worth of a persons liberty is determined by the level of the primary goods of income, wealth, powers, and authority at the persons disposal. That is why he thinks that protecting basic liberties and satisfying the difference principle-maximizing the minimum level of income and wealth-suffices to maximize the minimum worth of liberty. Sen, in effect, denies that primary goods are an adequate index of the worth of liberty: (e)quality of freedom to pursue our ends cannot be generated by equality in the distribution of primary goods. Human diversity suggests pervasive differences in the capacity of people to change target conditions (assets, primary goods, circumstances) into functioning. Furthermore that implies we shall not find anything such that balancing it ensures an interpersonal equalization of capability sets (something besides capability sets themselves). Or-accepting that those sets represent the extent of freedom nothing such that equalising it equalises the extent of freedom. Thus, on a fundamental level in any event, social assessment of equality, poverty, and justice should continue specifically as far as the extent of freedom as represented by capability sets and not regarding a subset of the components that focus the extent of freedom. Sens reactions of equality of achievement underscore its restricted power. Also his objections to equality of means specifically, primary goods-point as far as possible in that idea, as well. But the last criticisms are in the end less convincing. Sen is right in urging that justice requires a concern with the value of freedom; and, as cases of disability and desperation show, essential goods are at best case scenario an imperfect substitute for that worth. So there are some cases in which the concern for effective freedom committed to equality requires that we look beyond the distribution of essential goods. What is less clear is the way best to react to those limits. Both the essential goods view and the capability theory assume a capacity for individuals to take responsibility for their aims, and that obligation would require the individual to adjust their aims to the accessible scope of chances. On the off chance that this is correct, then given a background of far reaching opportunities, equal chances for individuals with equal abilities will significantly limit the scope of inequalities by the lights of the capability approach. In perspective of the instructive focal points of essential goods, we might use them CONCLUSION To finish up, Inequality Re-examined makes two key focuses: the first point is the truths of differences confuse our understanding of equality; and the second point is a conceivable origination of equality will have some association with the thought of equivalent access to what individuals have inspiration to value. What is less clear is that recognition of human diversity qualities obliges us, as an issue matter, to make examinations in regards to capabilities. Importance of incommensurability, restricted data, obligation, and the need-in any event as an issue matter-for a thought of seriousness recommend that essential goods correlations will suffice in the cases-separated from disability and desperation in which the capability methodology is generally dubious.

Canadian Involvement in the Suez Crisis :: Canadian Canada History

Canadian Involvement in the Suez Crisis Eleven years after the second world war, a crisis occurred which had the potential to escalate into a third world war. Hostilities ran high and the background causes that prompted this crisis contained the same fundamentals as were seen in the first and second world wars. Those being militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism; wrought by those countries that had an interest in the Suez Canal and the Arab states. In the world of superpowers in conflict, Canada made a name for itself through an innovative peacekeeping scheme, instead of aggression (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 1999-2000). If Canada had not become involved in the Suez Crisis, as a neutral party, it could have escalated into a world war. The three components which add up to the conclusion of the Suez Crisis and a bench mark for Canada and world peacekeeping are: Canada's choice for those countries directly involved in the crisis, Canada's choice for involvement, and Canada's resolution of the United Nations Em ergency Force, which would put a stop to a possible world war. In the Middle East, by July 1956, tensions were rising. The Egyptians were denied funds from the Us, Britain and the World Bank for the creation of their Aswan dam to affiliation with the Soviet Union. In desperate need of funds for the dam project, the Egyptian government had nationalize the Suez Canal Company, froze its assets in Egypt, and proposed to use canal tolls to pay for the dam (Hillmer, 1999, p. 226). In fear of the Egyptians cutting off the transportation of Arabian oil and Asian goods, the British, French, and Israel secretly planned an attack on Egypt. Meanwhile, the Israelis and the Arab states, including Egypt, were having an arms race. Israel was concerned with self-preservation while the Arabs, who had opposed Israel's creation, wanted to destroy it. The Americans opposed the British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt because it didn't want to offend the Arab states where US oil companies were drilling. On the other hand, the US was wiling to supply Israel with weapons if the Soviet Union sent arms to the Egyptians. Such military support could inevitably have lead to a nuclear war. Through ties with Britain, Canada was expected to aid in the invasion pf Egypt but Canada was reluctant and saw how much actions might put their relationship with the Americans in danger.

High Altitude Climbing :: essays research papers fc

High altitude climbing is a very dangerous sport, well, we won’t call it a sport, it is more like a profession for highly skilled individuals. High altitude climbing is when mountain climbers decide that they want to climb higher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and more difficult mountains. To do this they need the right training and also need to know the effects of high altitude climbing to their bodies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The body attempts to maintain a state of homeostasis or balance to ensure the optimal operating environment for its complex chemical systems. Any change from this homeostasis is a change away from the best possible operating environment. The body attempts to correct this imbalance. One such imbalance is the effect of increasing altitude on the body's ability to provide adequate oxygen to be utilized in cellular respiration. With an increase in elevation, a typical occurrence when climbing mountains, the body is forced to respond in various ways to the changes in external environment. Foremost of these changes is the diminished ability to obtain oxygen from the atmosphere. If the adaptive responses to this stressor are inadequate the performance of body systems may decline dramatically. If prolonged the results can be serious or even fatal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In looking at the effect of altitude on body functioning we first must understand what occurs in the external environment at higher elevations and then observe the important changes that occur in the internal environment of the body in response. In discussing altitude change and its effect on the body mountaineers generally define altitude according to the scale of high (8,000 - 12,000 feet), very high (12,000 - 18,000 feet), and extremely high (18,000+ feet), (Hubble, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A common misperception of the change in external environment with increased altitude is that there is decreased oxygen. This is not correct as the concentration of oxygen at sea level is about 21% and stays relatively unchanged until over 50,000 feet (Johnson, 1988). What is really happening is that the atmospheric pressure is decreasing and subsequently the amount of oxygen available in a single breath of air is significantly less. At sea level the barometric pressure averages 760 mmHg while at 12,000 feet it is only 483 mmHg. This decrease in total atmospheric pressure means that there are 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath at this altitude compared to sea level (Princeton, 1995). The pulmonary surface and the thickness of the alveolar membranes are not directly affected by a change in altitude.

Ectasy and its Effects :: essays research papers

Club Drugs: Ecstasy In developing prevention efforts that target young people, prevention managers must design strategies to counter the increasing use and widespread availability of the club drug Ecstasy. Known as â€Å"the party drug,† Ecstasy is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen, and its effects are potentially life-threatening. Because it is inexpensive and easily accessible, Ecstasy is gaining in popularity. As reported in the Monitoring the Future Study (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA] 1999), 3.6 percent of 12th graders, 3.3 percent of 10th graders, and 1.8 percent of 8th graders said they had used the drug in 1998. From 1991 through 1998, use by college students increased from 0.9 percent to 2.4 percent and by adults, from 0.8 percent to 2.1 percent (NIDA, Facts About MDMA, 2000). What Is Ecstasy? Ecstasy is the street name for methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a chemical substance that combines methamphetamines with hallucinogenic properties. It is also known as X-TC, Adam, Clarity, and Lover’s Speed. Like all club drugs, Ecstasy is a combination of other illicit drugs. Because many different recipes are used to make Ecstasy, the risk of death and permanent brain damage are heightened when some substances are combined. It is available in tablet, capsule, or powder form; some manufacturers of the drug package it in capsules or generic tablets to imitate prescription drugs. The average cost is between $7 and $30 per pill. Among the variations of the drug is a new substance, Herbal Ecstasy, that is composed of ephedrine (ma huang) or pseudoephedrine and caffeine from the kola nut. Sold in tablet form, this drug may cause permanent brain damage and death (NIDA, Club Drugs: Just the Facts, 2000). What Side Effects Are Produced by Ecstasy? Ecstasy’s effects can last up to 24 hours. The drug produces immediate side effects, and some—such as confusion, depression, sleep problems, anxiety, and paranoia—can occur weeks after it is taken (NIDA, Community Drug Alert Bulletin on Club Drugs, 2000). Because Ecstasy alters serotonin levels in the brain, researchers have found that chronic use can lead to long-term or permanent damage to those parts of the brain critical to thought, memory, and pleasure (NIDA, Facts About MDMA, 2000).

Commanding Heights Essay

In the first episode of Commanding Heights, it begins by showing the world with a global economy that is tremendously suffering by the World War 1 events. After World War I, two extremely cerebral economists tried to solve the world’s economic troubles, John Meynard Keynes and Friederich Hayek. Keynes had the belief that a government in times of economic despair should spend money and go into a deficit in order to build the economy back up and then when the economy is stable again, should then grow a surplus. On the other hand, Hayek believed that for an economy to survive the free market must be allowed to have the power to decide. Just as the textbook states, Hayek believed that markets arose naturally. He believed that while at times unemployment would be high, government should not step in with more regulations. Hayek thought that government regulation on the market would lead to too much government control and would damage the economy. Both economists demonstrated the economic way of thinking as discussed in chapter 1 of the Macroeconomics textbook. They had to use assumptions to simplify things, and they most definitely had to think at the margin. Many governments followed Keynes theory after World War 1. During the Great depression, Roosevelt decided to use Keynes economic theory by spending lots of money, also known as the new deal. Roosevelt had the hoover damn built, interstate systems; he created new government agencies to put the unemployed to work. This economic system sure paid off for the United States. This theory is still pretty much used as we speak. The government continues to build recreational parks, museums, repairing the interstate systems, just spending money. Of course that money is not always spent wisely. I believe that Keynes theory will always be in effect for some time to come. After World War 2, a good portion of the world had adopted John Keynes economic theory. In many of those countries the result was not so promising. Socialism was born and economic problems became even worse. The Unites States on the other hand, continued to prosper following the Keynes theory. Hayek’s beliefs were pretty much over shadowed and unaccepted. The United Kingdom was also a follower of the Keynesian economics. Winston Churchill tried to put a halt to the way they were running their economy, but the labour party prevailed. After around 30 years of following Keynesian economics, both the U. S and the U. K ran in to trouble. Stagflation was brought upon both economies. Inflation rates grew and economic growth rate slowed drastically. Then Ronald Regan and Margaret Thatcher came in to the picture. Both of these leaders were more on the side of Hayek’s beliefs. They wanted to cut government regulation and cut government spending, they believed that would save their economies. The U.  S and Britain had finally found a way out of the Keynesian practices. The Stagflation was over. After watching episode one of the Commanding Heights series, I have learned a lot about the old economic theories and how their still used today. Two creative young men had the ability to get half of the world to follow their ideas. It seems to me that economics is not just about technological advancements or scientific methods, but it is more about the generating of ideas. Economics comes from dedicated people using their creativity and critical thinking to make ideas turn into theories. I believe one of the main questions to be answered is what should be the balance of power? Should the market have more power to decide? Or should the government be more controlling? After Learning about these economic system theories, I believe the President should favor Hayek’s theory slightly over Keynes. It would be best to have mixture of both economic systems equally, almost as we do now. Too much government control is still a concern in my opinion. The government is making it harder and harder for people to make good money anymore.

Integrated Information Management Essay

The four external considerations would be economic, sociological, political, and technological. The economic domain concentrates on the sources of funding, who contributes, referral sources, consumers and contributors. Your sociological domain is based on things like age, gender, demographics, ethnics, and socioeconomic status. Basically, it is people’s needs, opportunities, and problems. Economic is mostly trying to get the most out of referral sources, contributions, and any other source of funding which could even include its competitors. Technological is making sure that the competitors aren’t ahead of them and that they are on top of their game. Important internal components are organizational purpose, mission, and philosophy, along with Organizational planning, organizational operations, human resources, technological resources, and financial resources. Organizational purpose is to help people understand how the agency is heading towards the future. Planning is important for the management information system. It keeps everything in working order as to what does and doesn’t need to be done. Operations are for figuring out which data is needed for everything like programs and even departments. Human Resources is for keeping important data on staff members, demographics, certifications, training, licenses, and many other things that are important and must be kept track of. Technological is making sure that all of your software and computer systems are up to date and functioning at their best capacity. Financial is tracked so that the management knows where the funds come from and where they go. This helps with determining different aspects of human services so that money is hopefully there when needed.

Mankind Is No Island

Mankind is No Island Focus: The collection of Still Images Sound Not a lot of dialogue Montage of images – together they make an image The words shown are from signs, street signs and shop signs etc. What makes this film visual What is specifically visual about it What makes the video shape my perspective of the situation What is the purpose of the video being made? – To be more aware of the homeless Ideas: There is a lack of giving to the homeless The homeless are taken for granted The homeless are ignored by society It is filmed in the city because it demonstrates advertising and also emphasizes consumerism. Used to contradict or to challenge what they are to present in the cities. The homeless are destitute and deprived from the necessities of life. Techniuqes Soft dramatic piano music is used The music sets the tone. It also makes the audience depressed and feel guilty. Camera angles are placed in the same level as the homeless. This is used to place the audience in the homeless peoples situation and position. By doing this, the audience feels the hardships, the sadness and the uselessness as the homeless have also felt. Repetition of the images of the homeless being ignored Rhetorical Questions are also used to make the audience feel depressed and reflect on their guilt. RQ's are also used to make audience reflect Repetitions of RQ's Religious images Repetition of â€Å"NO† Close up of the Homeless Face – Shows their facial expressions. Also indicates their sadness and their depression. Shows their rugged appearance. Take away the homeless identity and places the audience to look at them face to face as humans. Demonstrates how old they look. Also supports that being homeless ages you. The homeless have literally been forced to live a life of desperation. The homeless have no choices. The fact that two of the largest cities are used symbolises and supports the idea that homeless people are not found in a particular place, but are recognised everywhere. Repetition of â€Å"your† emphasizes that the homeless and the successful are no different. They may be different in social class but they are still the same in species. The images are also negative and focus the negative sides of the city. The sentences are also in a first person register RQ's is used to challenge and contradict on what we love The Heart Balloon –

Impacts and Implications of Stress

There are many impacts and implications of academic stress on the health of an individual in the academic environment as a student. Some of these impacts and implications are time management skills, social life, and being employed. This paper will be examining the role and significance of the perception in the academic environment and how there is an increase of stress and anxiety in college.Also, I will construct my personal Medicine Wheel to show how can manage my own stress and anxiety being in the Coco optional Therapist Assistant and Physiotherapist program (TOT/PTA). The first impact and implication that will be being discussed is time management skills and how it increases stress and anxiety in college. Firstly, transiting from high-school into college brings on a huge amount of stress because it's completely two different worlds and adjusting is very hard for some.This may cause the Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and this is the cost common type of anxiety, it is a  "ongoing state of mental and/or physical tension and nervousness, either without a specific cause† (Put Reference). Some of the symptoms are constant restlessness, irritation, trouble concentrating, and fatigue. Another impact and implication is assignments, and this is because coming straight from high-school I had no idea how to prioritize my assignments and all the workload at once.So this would lead me o mini panic attacks because would feel overwhelmed with assignments and test all coming at once and not wanting to fail. Lastly, studying was an enormous stress factor because had no study habits nor a study group. This made things difficult because also didn't know how to pick out important information from the slides. All of these implications increased stress and anxiety in the academic environment causing my health to decrease because of the lack of sleep, over eating and mentally drained.

School corporal punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School corporal punishment - Research Paper Example Many nations however have enacted legislations against its use while others still legalise it. In United States for example, about 20 states have it as a legal form of instilling discipline in schools (Human Rights Watch 36). This practice has received increased condemnation in the last 40 years from child rights activists and the general public but some people still advocate for its use. This paper looks into pros and cons of corporal punishment in schools while shedding light on how teachers can slowly remove its reliance as a disciplinary measure. ARGUMENTS FOR CORPORAL PUNISHMENT By use of corporal punishment students are made aware that there is an authority figure. This helps in ensuring that students respect the elder people in the society and it also draws a line between who is in authority as far as classroom management is concerned. In other instances students hail from quite lenient families who end up spoiling them. They therefore require someone to set them back on the r ight path of good discipline and respect for authority. In some regions dropping of corporal punishment in schools was followed by considerable decline in performance and heightened indiscipline among students. This is the case of Britain where teachers complained a great deal after its abolishment was followed by general decline in performance in many schools (Council of Europe 24). Corporal punishment acts as a motivation towards performance and as such it ought to be used where necessary so as to attain desirable results (27). Teachers are trained professionals who are also adults and they know what level of corporal punishment is appropriate for who and when. They should therefore be left to play their part and if they find this kind of punishment to be appropriate, then they can go ahead with it. This also shows that it is not a form of abuse to students as it is just punishment to an indiscipline student from a responsible teacher. Immediate physical punishment is more prefera ble than suspension or expulsion since after a few strokes a student goes on with their normal learning activities. The former two forms of punishment interrupt a students learning schedule. Misbehaving students are easily rewarded by suspensions due to the free time they are allowed to stay at home (54). These kinds of children usually stay home alone while their parents are at work and can easily indulge in further naughtiness. ARGUMENTS AGAINST CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Physical punishment opens doors for abuse and leads to battery tendencies in children. There is a thin line between punishment and abuse and teachers usually cross this line as they wish where the law allows for corporal punishment. Corporal punishment degrades students a great deal as others mock them for being punished. This brings shame to them and if this happens constantly, these students result to having low self esteem. Such a student is lowly motivated to learn or even conduct themselves in a disciplined manner. This type of punishment has many negative impacts psychologically (Human Rights Watch 92). Anxiety is one of them because students tend to become scared of their teachers in the classroom especially when punishment is imminent from something they had done earlier e.g. failure to have finished yesterday’s homework. Other psychological effects are rigidity, inhibition and depression all of which have far reaching consequences on a student’

Global governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global governance - Coursework Example Every nation has its own laws, but due to the existing shared resources such as the oceans, the atmosphere, and climate among others, the necessity of global governance on such environmental issues has to be in place, to protect the environment and the biodiversity. There are series of environmental challenges which span several nations, regions, and eventually the entire globe causing serious harm. Some of the main global governance issues relating to the environment include health, energy, hazardous chemicals, green house gas emissions, invasive species and polluted water, and depleting resources. Truly, it is each nation’s and its societies’ responsibility to safeguard the environment, but their efforts are too small to handle the increasing issues; hence international cooperation has to take responsibility, by enforcing policies to guide and discipline nations. Health Issues The increasing health problems are matters of global concern, especially now when the transm ission of diseases, either sexually, contact or airborne is on the rise. New diseases are emerging, all threatening the lives of the global population, who have unrestricted movements across different boundaries. Health problems are wide, but the growth of global health partnerships is helping to address majority of them. ‘Health threats such as HIV/AIDS, influenza, SARS, or avian flu threaten every country and the global community as a whole, due to the rapid spread based on global travel and mobility; their impact is frequently very serious in economic terms.’2 Some of the diseases are arising or spreading due to human, economic, and social actions, which could be regulated easily to counter the diseases. Nations are spending huge amounts of money that could be drained in other sectors, to assist the citizens to meet the costs of treatment of these diseases. Food processing, alcohol, and tobacco companies have been accused of being channels that steer certain diseases like Diabetes and cancers within the societies. As financing healthcare continues to be a political issue, inequalities in accessing health care still persist with nations like the United States spending $7285, while developing nations such as Eritrea and Myanmar may have to spend less than $10 per individual annually.3 Often, human health has a relation with the health of the ecosystem; hence environmental degradation does not affect terrestrial organisms only, but generally lead to diseases that are severe to human health than infectious diseases. Malaria is partly attributed to environmental changes arising from human activities for economic gain. Parts of the Amazons, Peru, and Bangladesh demonstrate increasing malaria cases, as the clearing of the forests left pools of water bodies, creating ideal sites for mosquitoes to breed; these human caused changes encourage mosquitoes movement into areas populated by humans as their habitats are destroyed.4 This problem is also a health problem in Africa, since the tropics are much warmer due to deforestation activities, influencing organisms’ evolution (insects tend to live longer and breed faster than before) and as they migrate to other newer environments,

FIN CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FIN - Case Study Example Other nations have invested heavily in China due to their best known expertise on electrical gadgets including motors. With the china transition, the growth and efficiency was associated with the rapid increase of the factors China had without associating the ownership institutional factors while the World Bank was able to use financial institutions in developing its strategy. 2. The Chinese people lost their investments during the Second World War shuttering down their dreams of developing globalization. Shiseido organization was able to establish businesses in countries outside china by expanding them to Europe and North America. The market conditions affected the business which was different from their normal conditions. The introduction of the foreign firms also led to the loss in the market share of China. Shiseido was quite clever by the fact that they built Auples, women cosmetic brands that boosted Chinese women. It later led to the construction of a larger network that increased the Chinese stores. 3. In my opinion, the regulations focus on the variables that lead to financial crisis in all the cases are unemployment and inflation. Other causes can be indebtedness with the various liabilities that are both private and foreign. There is also a crisis of currency that affects the banking in both the cases that leads to the introduction of the banking regulations. Most of the emerging countries have a vulnerability to the crisis that is caused by large liabilities that overflows the capital in question. On the other hand, the rules and regulations can be advantageous by changing the banking system that will generate more income and reduce the inflation and employment problems. With the economic contagion, there should be an introduction of more job careers with stable terms and conditions. This will enable the economies to reduce inflation. The government body should come in and impose revenue

Strategic Analysis and Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Analysis and Choice - Essay Example In 1994, BMW acquired Mini. (Seidel, 2004) It was in 1998 when BMW decided to acquire Rolls-Royce Motor for  £340 million. Volkswagen outbid the said amount at the price of  £430 million. However, since BMW was a supplier of engines and other components to Rolls-Royce, BMW was given the right to carry the name of Rolls-Royce name and logo. (Think Quest, 2006) As a sign of BMW competency and success as a luxury car manufacturer, BMW’s most recent financial report revealed that the company has reached a total gross profit of â‚ ¬5,422 million as of 2005. (BMW Group, 2005) Established back in 1989, Lexus was launched by Toyota Motor Corporation with the purpose of creating a world-class luxury car brand. (Edmunds.com, 2007) Since then, the company has been known for its innovative engineering and meticulous quality. For many years, the company is very much focused in developing new models and other related technological innovations. Despite the fact the Lexus has only been in the global automobile industry less than 20 years, Lexus has been considered as one of the big winners of the European car market back in 2006. (Edmondson, 2007) The company was able to increase its sales by up to 72% in 2006 with 36,662 car units within 15 European Union countries. (Edmondson, 2006) Back in 2005, Lexus together with Toyota was able to sell a total of 964,208 units as compared to BMW’s 632,396 sold units throughout Europe. (Edmondson, 2006) To give us a better insight regarding the main purpose of Michael Porter’s competitive advantage model, the researcher will discuss about the arguments of different authors concerning the accuracy and the main use of this model. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will determine each of the company’s strength aside from using Porter’s model as part of analyzing its corresponding competitive advantages.

Management and Organisational Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management and Organisational Learning - Essay Example This is where the concept of learning organisation comes into the picture. That is, learning organisation facilitates continuous learning with the employees learning new things and perspectives, thus leading to the structured changing or transitioning of employees, departments and the organisations as a whole from a current state to a favourable future state. When this change shows positive results, organisations can extricate from tough situations and achieve success. A learning organization values challenges, promotes flexibility, innovation and creativity, treats mistakes as stepping stones of development and encourages individuals to think. Learning is carried out by implementing various practices. Some of the key practices are help people value the effects of their learning on their organizations, link individual performance with organizational performance, tie rewards to key measures of performance and importantly create structures and procedures that support the learning process. Thus, learning organisations or organisations which indulge in learning process will try to learn newer and optimal strategies to optimize the organisational functioning. Peter M Senge, an American scientist, is one of the profound business thinkers and author. He analyzed many organizations and its workings for many years at MIT and the resultant theories and concepts were brought out by Peter Senge in his 1990 book, The Fifth Discipline. In that book, he brought out many organizational theories particularly the ones related to leadership under the concept of ‘learning organization. According to Peter Senge (1990, p.3) learning organizations are, â€Å"Organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free,

MIS case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MIS case - Research Paper Example It can produce a working schedule for every store in a matter of hours. The employees at Wal-Mart are facing an ethical dilemma by the Kronos system. The new scheduling is favored by Wal-Mart as it increases the profit margin and reduces the cost but on the other hands it is unfavorable to the employees. As scheduling for employees requires personal judgment and takes in to consideration the needs of the employees, the new software is unable to do so. The ethical dilemma that Wal-Mart will face after the complete installation of Kronos will be beyond control. This system urges the management to hire fewer numbers of employees as needed according to the number of customers at the store. This conflicting condition where employees will be asked to visit at different hours will result in an ethical dilemma as the new system will decrease the job stability of the employees. The minimum wage staff will be highly affected and may leave the company and the reputation of Wal-Mart will be badly influenced. As the employees need to fill a form for informing the hours they can be available at so that a computerized scheduling system will make a shift schedule accordingly. The ethical issue of misinforming the employee may arise if the employees fill wrong information in the form to have a shift schedule with longer hours. The high paid associated feel that the new computerized system makes them quit their job as they are unable to meet the shift requirements asked by the company which comprises of some hours in day time and late hours. If these associates quit, they will be replaced by inexperienced lower staff as this may result in poor customer service (Walmart, 2013). The ethical principle that applies in this situation is â€Å"Do unto others as you may have them do unto you.† After the computerized scheduling system, we see that the employees of Wal-Mart are dissatisfied and some are relying on opportunities where they can depend on false

The Experiences of Men Diagnosed with Breast Cancer Assignment

The Experiences of Men Diagnosed with Breast Cancer - Assignment Example Following the conduction of the study, the researchers recommended that public and health professionals should raise awareness on male breast cancer in order to encourage men to undergo testing in order to identify breast cancer and the related malignancies in their early stages (Boehmer 2012). Because of the rampant cases of late discovery of breast cancer in male patients, the study would act as a major contribution towards the enhancement of better public health. The study will be a key source material for other studies aimed at the topic of breast cancer in men. The research problem, in this case, has a clear definition of coming up with the adequate level of evidence to ensure effective medical care in the complex healthcare settings (Quach 2012). It is important to note that global health practice environment is becoming more complex, with professional requirements and patient demands increasing by the day. With such dynamic settings and demands, health professionals need adequate evidence in order to make the right health-related decisions. With this in mind, the problem is significant enough to justify the investigation. The literature review provides an adequate core evidence synthesis on the topic of the study. It involves an analysis of the available literature and thus, a judgment of the effectiveness of the practice. The literature review acts as a predetermined plan of minimizing bias in researching the topic of the study, as well as a process of ensuring rigor in making findings. The literature review of the research study creates a good basis for the stating of the hypotheses and the research questions that are involved in the study. However, the study does not clearly state the research questions. However, it able to depict the researchers’ won speculation that male patients diagnosed with breast cancer depict signs of psychological problems, such as depression.

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Example for Free

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Computer software and information system computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems [writers name] [institutes name] computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems introduction to know about the connection of these topics it is must to know about the link between these phrases as well as the basic concept of these two. firstly to know what is computer software and wireless information systems and then secondly to discuss about their affects upon each other. computer software is basically some programs or events that are written just to achieve certain functions by the software engineers. events are the set of steps that is written and combined to make a program. Now there arises a question that what is a program then the answer of this question is that: programs are basically a set of rules and instructions on the basis of which a computer act to achieve certain functions. to perform specific set of actions on computers intelligently or normally is the basic need to write a program. wireless information systems are basically the systems that used wireless. what is wireless and why and how question arises then wireless as its name shows that it means some sort of transport of data and information among wireless devices without using wires. it can be used in form of mobiles pdas and on large scale radio is the example of it. Wireless information systems can be range on mobiles wireless devices and networks. the device used for it is basically a device that is installed first and then it can be used. wireless network and information processing system 2008 certain dependencies in case of wireless information systems there are certain dependencies. among those dependencies some of them are very basic and are: mobility of the user mobility of the resource explanation these dependencies can be differentiated in a way that in case of user mobility it can be in the form of travelling user whereas the case with the second dependency is that a network if created among multiple pdas and now in this case if the pdas are moving. Along with this dependency there is certain other as well. just to be focus on the actual behavior of the wireless and then wireless information systems only two are mentioned here to emphasize the main and important factors affecting the wireless in general. important features to consider about there are certain tendencies that are important to know about these systems. according to these information systems have to develop first. while developing these systems a software engineer needs to know the protocols specific rules of dealing on networks and standard to follow upon them and then to develop finally feldman 2007 there are certain standards that need to follow while considering wireless. In this way there appears a need to select a standard according to the type of wireless information system. those standards are as follows: iee802.11 iee802.11a iee802.11b iee802.11g iee802.16 iee802.16a open air home based blue tooth based discussion after implementation of these steps architecture to develop a software program is required. when these wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. if an architecture of software program is designed in such a way that it is safe for security flexibility and other issues as well. if technology is implemented selected in an improved way then an information system can work well. if there are leaks in the design and programming tactics and technology implementation then there would be a lot of leak in the system as well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. in this way it can be say that software programs that developed to resolve a problem needs attention in all these metrics to work up on and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who is reliable and portable efficient and of strong functionality then fulfill the better requirement in this case. whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the better results. the use of wireless information systems is beneficial for the companies and organization in various ways first of all it is accessible in minimum resources. it reduces the time and mobility issues problem and enhances the productivity of the organization in this regard. wireless networking in the developing world session 2007 the use of wireless management systems can improve the effectiveness of applying multiple procedures. output of these procedures when resulted in a good form then increased or enhanced the productivity of the organizat ion in a fast manner. Well reputed industries companies and organizations are referring towards these wireless information systems that is very fast growing. along with all this there are still new advancements are just coming on the way to increase the quality of the projects or to attain the benefits of the technologies as much as it can be. references phillip m. feldman 2007 emerging commercial mobile wireless technology and standards suitable for the army: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/mr960/index.htmlwireless network and information processing system 2008 wireless network and information processing system 2008: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7433699.htmlwireless networking in the developing world session 2007 wireless networking in the developing world session wireless network: http://wirelesssummit.org/content/cwns-and-developing-world

Electromagnetic spectrum Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic spectrum Essay Many of the well-known scientists explore several types of waves and gave their theories, statements, and practical applications in this field. These waves are composed in a manner so one can measure their wavelength and frequency as well. These types of wavelength are declared as â€Å"Low notes† and â€Å"High notes†. Low notes have a low frequency and a long wavelength; where as High notes have high frequency and a shorter wavelength. These electromagnetic waves are result of electrically charged particles, such waves are also declared as â€Å"Electromagnetic Radiation†, as they radiate initially from the electrically charged particles. These waves can easily pass through any empty space, air and other more substances as well. According to research it was explored by many of the scientist that these radiations has fundamentally a â€Å"Dual Personality† as it behaves as waves and stream of particles which are known as â€Å"photons â€Å"as well. In addition the photons have no group as well as they have very short wavelength too. (Alvino, G, 75) SECTIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: Fundamentally electromagnetic spectrum covers a wide range of wavelength and photon energies as well. The spectrum is usually segmented into seven sections, which are declared as X-ray, Infrared, and Ultraviolet, Microwave, Visible, Gamma ray radiation and Radio waves. INFRARED RAYS: Fundamentally this particular term† Infrared† covers a wide range of frequency. The wavelength range initiates from about 1 millimeter down to 750 nm. Those rays, which are approximately adjacent to visible spectrum, are called â€Å"Near infrared† and those who have longer wavelength section are declared as â€Å"Far infrared†. These rays are widely utilized in exploring vibration spectra of molecules. In connections with matter, infrared mainly acts to place molecules into pulsation. These rays doesn’t have good impact on atmosphere as it never penetrate atmosphere but still infrared are utilize to initially acts to set molecules into vibration. VISIBLE LIGHT:- This is fundamentally the narrow visible section of electromagnetic spectrum. This thin section keeps up a correspondence to the wavelengths closer to the maximum of the Suns radiation curve. Visible light is mainly utilized in elevating electrons to higher energy levels. In this particular case white light can be parted into its spectral colors by dispersion in a prism. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS: Ultraviolet rays are approximately below the region where visible light is explored and this was proofed by many of the well-known scientist by their statements and their theories as well. In addition these rays cause harm as it has shorter wavelength that can reach the ionization energy for many molecules, so this outcome in hazards to other ionizing radiations as well. While welding, protective eye shields must be utilized because this ultraviolet substance of welding arcs can inflame once eyes. X-RAYS: When high-energy electrons struck a metal target then these rays start penetrating, they are highly penetrating rays. According to research it was explored that just after the discovery of x-rays they are started being used in medical to image broken bones. Fundamentally when these rays have interaction with matter they ionize radiations and generate physiological possessions, which are basically never observed with any exposure of non-ionizing radiation, such as the risk of mutations or cancer in tissue. GAMMA RAYS: Gamma rays are generally utilized to denote electromagnetic radiation from the center as a part of a radioactive process. Fundamentally their nuclear energy is extremely high as such radiations are initiated in the electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus as a part or as a result of radioactive procedures. X-rays and Gamma rays are quite identical as they both are electromagnetic rays, these are simply some declaration regarding source rather than implying different kinds of radiation. (Alvino, G, 75-79) Below is the table, which will provide you better understanding and clear the entire conceptions as well. Wavelengths, frequencies, and energies for selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are mentioned in this, which was fundamentally result of several researches.

Essay about Sufferings in Life

Essay about Sufferings in Life Throughout the world almost every living person on the planet will witness suffering at least once in a life time. Suffering as we know it is defined as the pain we experience due to an injury, medical malpractice or even disruptions in ones family life and etc. Although we endure suffering, do we constantly suffer? According to the German Philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer who proposed that life is full of suffering and that this suffering is directly caused by the will of the individual. I wish in this short paper to carry this claim further and try to explain why Schopenhauer thinks that life is full of suffering and how he believes that this suffering can be overcome. I will also attempt to show my perspective of why I dont agree to his arguments. Schopenhauer proposed his pessimistic view on an individuals condition in this world by stating that life is filled with suffering, and that this suffering that we experience is directly caused by our will. We know Life tends to want, and because its wants are regularly unfulfilled, it largely exists unfulfilled and in a state of deprivation. By the wanting or expecting something, an individual is setting himself up to sufferÂÂ  until that objective is met. Then, upon fulfillment of the desire, a new aim is set forth, and thus the cycle of suffering begins again. When Schopenhauer says that all life is suffering he means everything that lives and strives, is filled with suffering, he puts it as It is absurd to look upon the enormous amount of pain that abounds everywhere in the world.(Pg 63) Suffering is ultimately caused by the frustration and conflict that arises from competition between individual wills. For Schopenhauer suffering seems to be such a great cause that the world is subjected to, he feels happiness that we experience at times is not actually happiness in life. In fact, if an individual is to measure the joy they experienced in the world it would have to be measured through Schopenhauers ways, as he states; not by its joys and pleasures, but by the extent to which it has been free from suffering (pg 64) He goes even further to say that Suffering is the purifying process through which alone, in most cases, a person is consecrated. Schopenhauer claimed that more intense the willing, the more intense will be the suffering. So, now, the problem here is how to diminish the capability of ones willing such that we may get a relief from suffering? Schopenhauer answer is actually a very simple one, although according to me not, by any means, easy to accomplish. The answer is; being capable of denying what will wants. This practice is called Aestheticism or self-denial and, according to Schopenhauer, is the one adequate solution to the central life problem. Schopenhauer ideology of life filled with suffering is a total contradiction to want to live without wanting to suffer. Of course that contradiction over here again is his metaphysics of Will. The question, really is do we suffer all the time? I would go on to disagree with this argument. Even if we do suffer, between periods of suffering, there is concise happiness as wants are fulfilled. Schopenhauer claims that this pleasure can never be more than liberation from pain, further suggesting that humans only experience happiness through the memory of suffering and pain. This view is opposite to the modern view of suffering and happiness. We dont necessarily experience happiness from suffering as a memory. If for example I have bad memories of being bullied in school, I would not attain pleasure by remembering those memories and therefore I find this argument unsound. Life to some extent has suffering, this fact is unavoidable. However, by realizing this, and by focusing on the positives, human beings can lead reasonably enjoyable lives. Therefore, an individual should do exactly the opposite of what Schopenhauer suggests, and experience each emotion, good or bad, as fully as possible. If we are to consider the roles played by both the ordinary perception and aesthetic state, it seems that it is actually desirable that things are as they are. That is, we need to recognise that our suffering serves a great good and that is the promotion of our own survival. I find Schopenhauer to be mistaken; we do not always suffer, as there are little things that make life joyous. Furthermore, Schopenhauer compares our lives to animals, he states; The lower animals appear to enjoy a happier destiny than men. (pg64) On the same side with Schopenhauer I believe that animals live better lives than us. The fact that animals dont construct memories from their past and replay it, they obviously live better lives than us. Take for example a gold fish; most experiments claim they have a life span of three seconds, comparing that to a human life it can be said that we would suffer by recollecting old memories that brought us pain and suffering. Unlike us humans animals dont bother about the future or the past. They live in the present. So when it comes to animals I would agree that they live better lives than us and thus the argument is sound. Schopenhauer Aesthetic system according to me is a completely feeble. Even if it were possible to forget and give up all of our will, why would we ever do such a thing? I understand that our will at times is totally pointless and at times a lot of desires arise, and we are only capable of fulfilling some or none of them, but this does not mean we should practice aesthetics. The one problem that I see with the aesthetic system is that, Will, is the ultimate cause of our suffering. And we can be freed from our suffering through practising aesthetic. This idea seems to be contradictory, how can we be free of suffering by losing our individualism and perceiving the will objectively when the will is evil in nature? As Schopenhauer puts is. What is believed is that it is essential for us to see the world subjectively and not objectively, using our own experiences in order to survive. It is therefore fair to claim that our will is acting in our best interest. It also allows us to have desires that are needed in order to survive. For instance, it is essential for us to have a will to eat regularly in order to nourish ourselves; if we failed to do this we would die. And therefore I find this argument unsound. It would be fair for me to say that I totally find Schopenhauers ideology of life being filled with suffering invalid. However, I do find his argument on animals living a better life than human to be somewhat valid. The idea of aestheticism for combating suffering according to me is also not valid. I have tried to show that his conception of the will was mistaken on the grounds that he failed to properly appreciate the great good that our will actualises: our survival. Overall I believe that life is good, it has its ups and downs which Schopenhauer failed to realise. However one should live to the fullest and enjoy every single moment in life before we leave this world for good.