Protein Energy Malnutrition Essay

The article’s subject concerns the protein deficiency among infants in the Osun state of Nigeria. Nursing frequency and duration experienced a reduction during complementary food were introduced to infants in Osun. Mothers tend to be complacent in feeding their babies with complementary food, which result to the minimized breast-feeding of mothers that hinders the natural nutrition that these infants need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, they discovered that it was not a advisable for children at this age to be fed by such synthetic food. Consumption of such tends to halt the natural nourishment the babies need from their mothers. As early as two years old, babies were exposed already to complementary food, which is against the requirement of the World Health Organization (Ogunba, 2004). According to WHO, the amount of protein and calories (energy) that were consumed by infants were not above standard levels because these foods contain excess amount of carbohydrates alone (Ogunba, 2004). Obviously, the nutritional requirement of an infant is not met due to the outcome of early supplementation of these synthetic food. Infants’ natural diet should require constant breast-feeding in which they are enable to consume protein from milk. Unfortunately, this apt nutritional nourishment is ignored by the mothers in Osun (Ogunba, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, protein energy malnutrition was discovered that it was in constant depletion. The lack of protein among the infants resulted to â€Å"stunting†. Stunting   has a significant presence in the rural areas, which is an indication of chronic under-nutrition in these areas (Ogunba, 2004). It was discovered that stunting was among the culprits of infant growth faltering, as a result from the consumption of complementary food, children from one to six months of age were experiencing a decrease in growth and health progress (Ogunba, 2004). Stunting is the most prevalent of the different manifestations of PEM (33.9 per cent), followed by underweight (21.0 per cent) and wasting (9.2 per cent) (Ogunba, 2004). Children need protein more than adults do because they are constantly growing and developing. The protein requirement of infants is per unit of body weight higher than those of adults. Reference Ogunba,B. (2004). Protein energy malnutrition in complemented breast-fed babies: implications of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the timing of complementary feeding. Nutrition & Food Science. Retrieved February 10,   Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://swtuopproxy.museglobal.com/MuseSessionID=af57a678251afeca8c38cca61826cae/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MuseHost=www.emeraldinsight.com/MusePath/Insight/ViewContentServlet?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0170340504.html

Play Critique of Cabaret

Cabaret takes place in the years 1929 to 1930 Berlin before Hitler’s appointment as chancellor. The play follows Cliff Bradshaw, an aspiring American writer, and Sally Bowles, a performer at the Kit Kat Klub and their friends through the trying times before the Nazis. The story shows the struggles of those torn between what they want, and what is acceptable and how blind some were to the problems staring them right in the face. In the words of the emcee: â€Å"Leave your troubles outside! So-life is disappointing?Forget it! In here, life is beautiful-the girls are beautiful-even the orchestra is beautiful! Willkommen im Cabaret! † As the story unfolds, we see how this blindness affects those who would rather not see. Cabaret is the first professional play that I have seen. I did not know what to expect and told myself that no matter what, to just make the most of it. There was no need, it was a truly captivating show that had me laughing and crying and dancing along the whole way through. I even talked a few of my friends into going so I could see it a second time.The story was easy to follow and I thought the characters, the costumes and the performance as a whole were good, but there were a few problems that I thought needed work. The first thing that caught me was, of course, the emcee, played by Lee Ernst. He immediately got my attention with his flamboyant costume and held it with his charismatic and energetic attitude. When he first came out on stage, he addressed the audience directly, asking us to leave our troubles outside and enjoy the wonders of the cabaret.It made me feel like I was actually sitting in the club, and not out in the audience of a play. Throughout the entire production he would pull us in and even brought audience members on stage to do a dance with him. He had an excellent ability of setting the mood for the audience and keeping us wanting more. The rest of the characters were also very well played and the actors did a g ood job of portraying their respective personalities. They were believable and real, and truly made me feel for them.The only one I thought was a little awkward in his role was Geoffrey Hemingway, who played Cliff. There were times in the play where he seemed to know his line, but didn’t quite use the right inflection, as if he knew the words, but forgot what his character was supposed to be feeling. Other than that, I think that the actors were great. The second thing that impressed me was how simple the sets were. There was usually only one or two pieces that told you where the scene was taking place, but along with the lighting and sound, it was easily put together and it worked very well.The one problem I had with it was during the play I was under the impression that the room with the couch was some kind of common room for the building, but while reading the study guide, found out that it was supposed to be Fraulein Schneider’s room. This confused me because I don ’t get why Fraulein Kost would be bringing her sailors through Fraulein Schneider’s room, but I guess they needed some place to show that part of the story.Also, there were times when there was just too much happening on stage and I got dizzy and confused as to what I should be paying attention to. Over all, I was impressed with their use of space and simplicity. Cabaret was performed on a thrust stage which also added to the feeling of unity and closeness between the performers and the audience. I think that in a play that is meant to make you feel like a part of the show, which Cabaret definitely is, this is important. It was one more way of pulling the audience in and making us â€Å"part† of the show.With this stage the action was happening within almost arm length of the front row and there was even a point at the beginning right before the show that actors were talking to the audience. It helped us relate more to the story then if they used a proscenium st age and told the story â€Å"at us†. Next, I think that the costumes were perfect, they did a wonderful job of depicting the many characters. They were sexy and scandalous for those at the Kit Kat Klub, yet did not hinder the actors from doing the many dance numbers, and showed the modesty and decency of characters like Fraulein Schneider.Along with the scenery, the costumes helped so there was no guess work as to where and when the story took place, the lifestyles lived by the various characters, their personalities and who they were as people. I have to add that after seeing the show, me and some of my friends, even one of the guys, wanted to dress up as dancers from the Kit Kat Klub for Halloween. I think they did a terrific job and instead of distracting, they made the story that much more entertaining, especially the guys in fishnets!Lastly, I thought all the singing and dancing really enhanced the show. I was worried that it would be hard to follow the story line with t hem singing parts of the script, but not at all. I think that it livened up the show and made scenes that would have been boring really great. One example of this was the scene where Fraulein Schneider sings â€Å"So What? †. It was a fun way of her character giving us a little history, without just going into a biography.Also, songs like â€Å"Two Ladies†, â€Å"Tomorrow Belongs To Me† and â€Å"If You Could See Her† express the feelings, viewpoints and ideas of the play in a manner that would have been much more difficult to do in conversation. All in all I thought it was a wonderful show and I think that everything worked well and flowed nicely. The few problems that I did have were minor and didn’t take away from the overall experience. The actors, director, and everyone else who had a part in this show should be proud, they made me truly enjoy myself and am looking forward to seeing more.

Use Case Narrative: Enrollment System

An E-commerce Website Use Case Name: Search and browse products ID: US-I Priority: High Actor: Shopper Description: This use case describes a shopper who searches and browses products. Trigger: A shopper is looking for a specific product. Trigger Type: External Preconditions: 1 . The shopper is knowledgeable about the product he/she is looking for. 2. The website is available. 3. The advertisement and buyer account databases are up-to-date and online. Normal Course: 1. 0 Search and browse products and select product to purchase 1 .The shopper pacifies the category of the item and the item itself to be searched. 2. The system verifies that the item is available. 3. The system generates all the products matching the search request. 4. The shopper selects a product and wants to place it in a cart. 5. The system asks the shopper to log in. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 6. The shopper logs in his/her buyer account. 7. The system verifies the account. 8. The shopper adds the product to cart. Information for Steps Search Criteria List of approved ads Buyer Account List of Buyer Accounts New Cart Entry Modified Cart Alternative Courses: 1.The shopper doesn't already have a buyer account. (branch at step 5) 1. The shopper registers his/her desired surname and password. 2. The system verifies if the surname is still available. AAA. The surname is still available. AAA. The shopper has created a buyer account. Return to Normal Course Step 6. 5. B. The surname already exists. B. The system asks the shopper if he wants to continue registration or not. B. 1 The shopper wants to continue registration. B. 1 Return to Alternative course 1. 1 step 1 B. 2 The shopper cancels the request. B. 2 The system terminates the use case.Surname and Password List of Buyer Surnames New Buyer Account Request for re-registration Cancellation Postpositions: 1 . One or more products are added to the shopper's cart. 2. Cart has been modified. 3. The unregistered shopper has created a buyer account. E xceptions: El: Search request returns no result. (occurs at step 2) 1 . The system displays the message inform search did not match any records. Try another search. â€Å". 2. The system starts Normal Course again. E: Buyer Account is not valid. (occurs at step 7) 1 . The system displays the message inform surname and password is not valid.Please re-enter your surname and password. â€Å". E: Account inputted is not a Buyer Account. (occurs at step 7) 1. The system displays the message inform account is a Seller Account. Please enter a Buyer Account. â€Å". 2. Return to Normal Course step 5. Summary Inputs Source Outputs Destination Request for re-registration or Cancellation Shopper Active Advertisement Database Buyer Account Database Cart Database Use Case Name: Purchase products online ID: US-2 Actor: Buyer Description: This use case describes a buyer's purchase of product(s) on his/her cart online. Trigger: A buyer wants to buy a product. . The buyer's account is authenticat ed. 2. The buyer account database 3. One or more products are in the cart. 4. The buyer has specified readiness to check out and buy product(s) in his/her cart. 1. 0 Buyer confirms the intent to buy and supplies payment. 1. The buyer opens his/ her cart. 2. The system displays the cart's contents with price(s) of product(s) included. 3. The buyer purchase product(s) via Papal. 4. The buyer entered the payment information. 5. The system verifies the payment information's authority. 6. The buyer confirms the payment transaction. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 7.The system recesses payment. 8. The system confirms the payment's success. 9. The system removes the purchased product(s) from the cart. 10. The buyer wants to view and print the recent or all the payment transaction's report Information for Steps Purchase Authorization Cart Contents Payment Information Payment Information's Authorization Payment Confirmation Product(s) Sale(s)' details Payment Transaction List of Payment Transacti ons Payment Transaction(s)' report(s) 1. 1 Buyer cancels payment. (branch at step 6) 1 . The buyer cancels the payment transaction. 2. Return to Normal Course 6. 1. Cart has been modified. Product(s) purchase is recorded. 3. Product(s) sales transaction is recorded. 4. The buyer has the printed reports for the recent or all the payment transactions. El: Payment Information is not authorized. (occurs at step 5) 1. The system displays the message â€Å"The payment information is not accepted. Please enter an authorized payment information. â€Å". 2. Return to Normal Course step 4. Payment Information's Authorization Buyer Payment Clearinghouse Payment Transaction Database Payment Transaction(sys report(s) Product Sales Database Use Case Name: Post advertisement entries ID: US-3 Actor: SellerDescription: This use case describes a seller posting advertisement entries. Trigger: A seller want to post an advertisement entry. 1 . The seller's account is authenticated. 2. The seller is kn owledgeable about the product he/she is going to advertise. 3. The 4. The seller account database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Buyer's posting of product advertisements. 1 . The seller wants to post an advertisement entry. 2. The system asks the seller to log in his/her seller account. 3. The seller logs in his/ her seller account. (Alternative Course 1 . 1) 4. The system verifies the account. 5. The seller inputs the advertisement information. The system verifies the advertisement information. 7. The seller confirms the advertisement. 8. The system confirms the advertisement entry for admit approval. Information for Seller Account List of Seller Accounts Advertisement Information Advertisement Confirmation New Advertisement Entry 1. 1 The seller doesn't already have a seller account. (branch at step 3) 1. The seller registers his/her desired surname and password. 2. The system verifies if the surname is still available. AAA. The surname is still available. AAA. B. B. The seller h as created a seller account. Return to Normal Course Step 4.The surname already exists. The system asks the seller if he wants to continue registration or not. B. 1 The seller wants to continue registration. B. 2 The seller cancels the request. List of Seller Surnames New Seller Account 1 . The advertisement entry is added to the advertisement database for admit approval. 2. The unregistered seller has created a seller account. El: Seller Account is not valid. (occurs at step 4) 1 . The system displays the message mirror surname and password is not valid. Please re-enter your surname and password. â€Å". E: Account inputted is not a Seller Account. (occurs at step 4) 1 .The system displays the message inform account is a Buyer Account. Please enter a Seller Account. â€Å". 2. Return to Normal Course step 3. Seller Seller Account Database Pending Advertisement Database Use Case Name: Management of seller's active advertisements ID: US-4 Description: This use case describes the se ller viewing his/her active advertisements. Trigger: The seller wants to view his/her active advertisements. Trigger Type: External 1 . The seller account is authenticated. 2. The advertisement database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Managing of active advertisements 1 . The seller wants to manage his/her active advertisements. The system displays all the seller's active advertisements. AAA. The seller edits the contents oaf specific advertisement. AAA. The system confirms the modification. B. The seller confirms the deletion an advertisement(s). B. The system confirms the modification. List of Active Advertisements Edit Information Edited Advertisement Deletion Confirmation Deleted Advertisement(s) None 1 . Advertisement Database has been modified. List of Active Advertisements Use Case Name: Sales Revenue Report ID: US-5 Priority: Low Description: This use case describes a seller viewing and printing his/her sales revenue report.Trigger: A seller wants to view and print his/her sa les revenue report. 1. The seller's account is authenticated. 2. The product sales database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Viewing and printing of sales revenue report 1. The seller wants to view his/her sales revenue report. 2. The system displays his/her sales revenue report. 3. The seller confirms the print of the report. 4. The system print the sales revenue report. List of Sales Revenue Sales Revenue Report 1 . The seller has the printed report of his/her sales revenue. Use Case Name: Management of all the advertisements ID: US-6 Actor: AdmitDescription: This use case describes the admit managing all the pending and active advertisements. Trigger: The admit wants to manage the advertisements. 1. The adman's account is authenticated. 2. The admit account database is up-to-date and online. 3. The advertisement database is up-to-date and online. 1. 0 Managing of all the advertisements 1. The admit logs in his/her admit account. 2. The system verifies the account. 3. The admit want s to manage all the advertisements both pending and active. 4. The system displays all the pending and active advertisements. AAA. The admit selects and view a pending advertisement.

Ethical Implications Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Implications Report - Essay Example As long as the user will be connected with this system, it will be possible for third parties to extrapolate user’s thoughts and rewrites them (Heather & Graves, 2012). This will guarantee third parties permission to hack into users bodies and be able to cause significant personal concerns without the user knowledge. This system does not give up limits of which a third party can track user’s thoughts and actions. This implies that some matters that we uphold as private and confidential will never have a guarantee of privacy because of this system that will always be connected to user’s bodies. Another ethical fix this system poses is crime. If user thought will control the computer devices in their bodies, then criminals may figure out ways to reverse the system and read the user thoughts (Heather & Graves, 2012). This means that these criminals may successfully access the users’ eyes and view password of highly critical cards like ATM. This will allow them fulfill their criminal activities. Sixth sense technology will make it easy for hackers to plant virus in people’s personal computer (Heather & Graves, 2012). This may cause damages to these users immune system. The virus may also cause a heart attack to the user. All these ethical issues must be put into consideration before accepting the sixth sense

Grave markers in colonial america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Grave markers in colonial america - Essay Example Both the whites and the blacks has ever since observed some form of marking to the passing of a person with grave markings being among the most used forms of observing the passing on of a person. Colonialism, slavery as well as the ideology of being free had a critical part to play while observing this stage of life and hence the interest in carrying out this study. In understanding the evolution of humans through the stages of slavery, colonialism as well as the independence, this paper intends to focus on historical artifacts and records to establish the perceptions and attitudes of persons towards slavery, colonialism and their effect on tradition and the issue of grave markings with a special focus on America. This paper therefore intends to answer the question on how the larger society have swayed over years from the dictates of slavery and colonialism in such social concerns and whether this can be observed in the grave markers. The evolution of social perceptions and attitudes towards the death of a person and the subsequent burial of the remains can be seen through many archaeological features among which are grave marks. Early markers have evolved to shape what we have today in many societies with a definite evolution from then use of wood, slate, sand stone, marble/sandstone as well as granite for making grave markings (Erik, 2014). Besides, the reshaping of the society as influenced by religious believes would be seen to have had great influence on how people would perceive death. For instance, traditional African faiths had much respect of dead persons as were believed to only change in physical state but living in the spirit after death. In the 18th century (after great awakening), the religious wave in America changed the perceptions of the whites much through the faith that death was not to be feared but rather looked forward to. Christianity taught that death gave a person a time to reunite with

Enlightenment or the Great Awakening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enlightenment or the Great Awakening - Essay Example In reaction, a new spiritual renewal, â€Å"characterized by great fervor and emotion in prayer,† (Great-Awakening.com) was begun by the Wesley brothers and George Whitefield. This movement of religious revival, which crossed the Atlantic and swept over the American Colonies, particularly New England, between 1730 and 1745, is termed The Great Awakening. George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were the most prominent preachers of this movement. The Great Awakening greatly impacted the ideological development of the Colonies. Unlike the earlier doctrine of the Puritans, the new doctrine promised the grace of God to all who experienced a desire for it. It emphasized greater intimacy with God and encouraged overt emotional expression. More importantly, a personal approach to salvation took precedence over church dogma. This undermined the authority of the church leaders and transferred power to the congregation. A large number of new religious denominations were formed. Ironically, this splintering of the hitherto dominant Puritan and Anglican groups led to a unification of the American Colonies and the birth of a â€Å"national consciousness† and an American identity. The Great Awakening was the ideological root of the American Revolution, as it effectively undermined the belief that the monarchy was sanctioned by God. The movement engendered the notion of a consensual government and the belief that State rule was a c ontract of the government with the people. Individualism in religion formed the basis for the desire for political independence. The Great Awakening united the colonists in anti-Catholic sentiment. This later metamorphosed into a deep anti-British fervor. The colonists realized that just as religious power lay in their own hands, so also could they take on the reins of government. The ideology of self-governance was an off-shoot of the Great

Money as Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Money as Debt - Essay Example But as soon as people realize this a protection right has been created which limits banks money making called â€Å"9 to 1 Fractional Reserve System†. Basically, if the bank has $1K cash with them the they can lend up to $9K to borrowers based on the 1:9 fractional reserve system regulations. This does not mean that banks cannot limit the earning of money up to $9K. In reality, they can make money up to $90K which makes it 1 to 90 ratios. For instance, if the bank initially had $1K cash in possession, it means the bank can lend up to $9K to public. So, we can assume that if a person X takes the loan of $9K to buy a car from PersonY. Based on the person X’s promise to pay the money back, bank will create $9K cash and loan it to person Wythe tactical part is the Person Y will then deposits $9K in the bank. Based on the 9:1 federal reserved regulation, the bank can then reserve $900 ($9K/10) and loan out the rest which is $8100 ($90:$8100 =1: 9). Moreover, it moves on to the next loan. Transaction until the bank cant reserve money anymore. So the video explains how banks

Native People of North America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native People of North America - Assignment Example This are spirits being used in the western religious practices and pueblo cosmology. There are personification spirits of things existing in the real world. It can represent anything in the natural world from location, concept, and revered ancestor to an element or a quality. There are more than 300 kachinas in pueblo culture. Real Hopi katsinas/kachinas have changed to suit the contemporary world. Today, curving have been termed Hopi katsinas/kachinas for business purposes changing the meaning and originality of the culture of the Hopi people. Natchez are Native American people who are believed to have a Mississippi origin. They have unique language that has isolated them from their close relatives. They have a distant resemblance to the Muskogean languages. Thus, their unique language is a facet towards maintaining their originality. The other unique characteristic of the Natchez is the unusual social system. The system is composed of exogamous marriage and nobility classes. The Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin was given the rights to the nation by the government’s legal process known as the Indian Treaties. These treaties were granted by the house of congress. Congress vested its powers to overthrow all the historical Indian treaty legislation. This took place when they refused to agree to its promise of granting the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin treaty rights to own their lands in 1830. The congress legislation to eliminate the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin overrode all Indian Treaties. This is an example of plenary authority. Their accomplishments are preserving their native culture and language, improving their educational opportunities and protecting their environment. 3. Reservation gaming helps nationwide collection of revenues from fee charged from gaming projects. This revenue is used to build schools and colleges as we as investing in drug and alcohol treatment programs. 2. Despite that

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 - Essay Example The contact is only consensual if a citizen voluntarily stops to communicate with a law enforcer. For instance, traffic stops do not require a suspicion to justify the contact. On the other hand, a Terry stop, which is often a brief detention, lies between a consensual encounter and an arrest. Even so, it demands â€Å"reasonable articulable suspicion† of an ongoing or future criminal activity. An arrest occurs if a police stops a citizen and they are not â€Å"free to leave†. There are basic factors used to coerce a search or an arrest. A â€Å"probable cause† of arrest exists if there is hard evidence or coherent facts that signify the presence or future occurrence of a crime by the person the police stop (Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2014). A person can only be under arrest if police are aware of a crime and have substantial evidence, for instance, if they smell drugs, or see a weapon. During encounters, the searches are often appropriate, although there are times when it is inappropriate. A search is only appropriate if there is â€Å"reasonable suspicion† of a current or future occurrence of a crime. A search is appropriate if a person seems anxious or answers questions contradictorily. One is often in more trouble for telling a lie as compared to simply keeping quiet. In any case, police will inform them of their rights, such as the right to remain silent, in the process of an

Advantages and Disadvantages of ID Tracking on Individuals Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of ID Tracking on Individuals - Essay Example med residents to security systems, from home surveillance to guard dogs; human beings go to great extremes to secure themselves, their families, and their belongings. One suggestion to make people safer and impossible to lose; they suggest tracking them. Of course, the idea of finding a lost child instantaneously is ideal for a frantic parent, but others question whether your persistent location is an invasion of individual and personal privacy; not to mention that they have some less than properly addressed physical and technological inefficiencies that work against it. In order to understand the issues with tracking human beings it is best to understand more about the technology involved. Most people are familiar with GPS, which allows us to track our vehicles, our cell phones, our pets, and on occasion even our children (Collins, 2011).However, the newest technology being considered is Radio Frequency Identification, or RFID. There are three types of tags available. The RFID technology, when implanted is consider efficient and less likely to fail due to its protection from damage inside the body (Gilani, 2013).The other advantages, many experts say, is that it will help parents track their children, help families track elderly who are prone to wandering away, and for patients brought into the hospital in critical and non-conscious states; if their imperative medical information is carried within a tracking device it would make treating this patient easier. Unfortunately not everyone is as eager to see this sort of technology embraced. There are some ethical issues that arise, which include security of information. What and whom can guarantee that that information is not compromised? What if someone could â€Å"hack† into the system and locate your children without your knowledge. If ones medical information is there for emergency conveniences what prevents people from tapping into it? Implanted RFID can lead to a negative reaction within the body. Your body

The relationship between animal play and human play Essay

The relationship between animal play and human play - Essay Example The most important thing that their studies reveal is the relationship between the animal and human play. Play in humans and animals reveal that animals are as intelligent and as evolved as humans are. The texts prove that if humans learn from the animal behavior of play, then their life will be more fun and natural, and this will lead to freedom from psychological, social and biological distress that humans suffer. The texts also reveal that play not only brings fun and enjoyment in human life, but also helps in preventing the development of lifestyle related problems like depression, anxiety and tensions, which are the root cause of various psychological, social and physical problems. In doing so, the texts send a strong message that even though play is a source of fun and enjoyment, it should be taken seriously. Analysis The article by Huizinga â€Å"Nature and significance of play as a cultural phenomenon,† and the lecture by Brown â€Å"Serious play: Why play is more tha n just fun,† aim at making the reader understand the importance that play has in human life. In doing so, they have explored the different areas of life that are affected by play. However, Huizinga and Brown have taken different approaches to explain the role of play. While Huizinga has explored the cultural and historical base to explain how play is embedded in the very fabric of human life, Brown has taken a biological and scientific approach to explain the same. Even though their approaches are different, there is one point which they both have tried to highlight strongly and that is the relation between the play of animals and play of humans. Relation between play of animals and play of human Huizinga, in his article â€Å"Nature and significance of play as a cultural phenomenon,† has explained how play of human beings is not just a cultural or social phenomenon but is a natural phenomenon. To support his argument, he has explained how animals also know how to play and have fun. In fact, Huizinga goes to the extent of saying that â€Å"animals play just like men† (Huizinga 97). To prove his point, he has given the example of dog’s play. Dogs use different ceremoniousness of attitude and gestures to invite other dogs for play (Huizinga 97). Their rules of play, like not hurting or biting while playing, are communicated and agreed upon in non-verbal language (Huizinga 97). In doing so, they experience tremendous fun and enjoyment (Huizinga 97). This also shows that the purpose behind ‘play’ is not just physical or biological, but is something beyond it (Huizinga 97). Huizinga points to a very important fact that animals do not wait for humans to teach them how to play but do so naturally and on their own (Huizinga 97). This fact that animals play as good as humans is also revealed by Brown in his lecture. In his lecture â€Å"Serious play: Why play is more than just fun,† Brown has referred to the strong similar ity between play of animals and play of humans. He has given the example of polar bear to show how animals follow rules and communicate in non-verbal language to indulge in play. He has described how a polar bear override the carnivorous tendencies when he gets

Library classification Essay Example for Free

Library classification Essay This unit is concerned with the selection and purchase of reading material in what so ever from it may be. Books are accessioned in this section. It keeps a complete and up-to-date record of such books and other reading materials. Books are purchased keeping in view the requirements of the University Faculty, the Students and the Research Scholars. Books are generally selected from the local as well as foreign publishersï ¿ ½ catalogues, current lists and local book exhibitions/fairs, etc. These catalogues and lists are sent to the Heads of the concerned teaching departments for selection and approval of the reading material of their subjects. They select and approve the reading material for addition to the main library from these lists. After getting their approval, the titles approved are thoroughly checked with the library catalogue to avoid duplication. Special attention is paid to provide text books and research material to the library users. It also acquires rare manuscripts and microfilms, etc. CATALOGUING SECTION After purchasing, accessioning and labeling of the reading material in the Acquisition section, it is sent to the cataloguing section for technical processing. Main responsibility of this section is to classify and catalogue the reading material. The reading material is being classified according to Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme. Library of Congress Subject Headings List is used for assigning subject headings. Catalogue cards are prepared according to ALA Cataloguing Rules 1978. Catalogue cards are filed according to ALA Rules for Filing Catalogue Cards 1968.

Commercial Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurship

Commercial Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurship In this session, I will discuss about the difference of commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. Commonly, social entrepreneurs and commercial entrepreneurs are having similarity as well as differences. There will also certain issues regarding social entrepreneurship to be discussed in this session. This chapter will focus on the motivation factor of social entrepreneurship. There will also brief discussion about motivation of commercial entrepreneurship in order to shows the different motivation factor between two types of entrepreneurship. The first definition of entrepreneurship was defined at 250 years ago. The first crucial role of the entrepreneurship was first recognized by eighteenth century businessman Richard Cantillon (1931). He described entrepreneur as undertakers engaged in market exchange at their own risk for the purpose of making a profit. Dave Roberts and Christine Woods (2005) has defined entrepreneurship base on two perspective which included academic and practitioner. James Howard Jane (2006) stated entrepreneurship aims at creating profitable operations resulting in private gain. This contrast is, of course, overstated. Commercial entrepreneurship does benefit society in the form of new and valuable goods, services, and jobs, and can have transformative social impacts. Such transformations can even be a driving motivation for some commercial entrepreneurs. Kao (1993) has defined that Entrepreneurship is the process of adding something new [creativity] and something different [innovation] for the purpose of creating wealth for the individual and adding value to society. An entrepreneur has to be creative and innovative in order to have a sustainable growing business. In fact, entrepreneurs are considered as one of the main contributors to country economy growth. Entrepreneurial activity benefit community and society as it creates job opportunity, income, products and services with his creativity and innovation to us. 2.2.2 Role of Social Entrepreneurship Nowadays, Social entrepreneurship is likely to become more important than commercial entrepreneurship as there are many social problems occurred. Seelos and Mair (2005) defined social entrepreneur create models in order to fulfill basics human needs that existing marketing have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurs are having the mission to change society. James Howard Jane (2006), stated that social entrepreneurship as innovative, social value creating activity that can occur within or across the non-profit, business, or government sectors. They have further elaborated the concept for deeper understanding for the concept by developing four variables which are market failure, mission, resource mobilization, and performance measurement. To certain extend, social enterprises correct market failure whereby a problem for the commercial entrepreneur is an opportunity for the social entrepreneur. The authors have showed that proposition that market failure will create differing entrepr eneurial opportunities for social and commercial entrepreneurships. The Mission for the social entrepreneurship is aims to create social value for the public good by helping and benefits the public. Human capital for the social entrepreneurship will be a vital factor determining the success of social entrepreneurship. Usually, the economics of a social entrepreneurial venture often make it difficult to compensate staff as competitively as in commercial markets. Thus, employees who work for social enterprises often hope to receive non-financial compensation for their work. Human and financial resource mobilization will be a prevailing difference and will lead to fundamentally different approaches in managing financial and human resources. It would be difficult to measure the performance of a social enterprise just like commercial enterprise as we can measure it in terms of profitability and market share. Thus, performance measurement of social impact will remain a fundamental differe ntiator, complicating accountability and stakeholder relations. My Justice, Resource mobilization, it is not about the compensation, it is about self- willingness to work for the social enterprise. Dave and Christine (2005) have defined social entrepreneurships base on two perspective which are academic perspective and practitioner perspective. From the academic perspective, they stated that Construction, evaluation and pursuit of opportunities for social change, while walking anecdotes, with new ideas to address major problems, who are relentless in the pursuit of their vision, people who simply will not take no for an answer and who will not give up until they spread their ideas as far as they possibly can, is derived from practitioner perspective. There is no single way of characterizing socially entrepreneurial ventures (Juliet and George, 2005). Heidi Candida Elaine (2009) explained the landscape of social entrepreneurship which includes social purpose ventures and enterprising nonprofits. Regardless of profit orientation, social entrepreneurs identify opportunities to solve social problems, both people and society problems. Yohanan (N.D) has differentiated two major approaches in the explanation on social entrepreneurship. Both major approaches stress on the social desirability of the initiatives studied, but there are some different aspects. The first approach by Brown and Letts (2004) is focused on intentions and outcomes. Social entrepreneurs put innovative efforts to solve persistent social problems of poverty and marginalization that, to some extent, have been successful in increasing their impact and catalyzing social transformation. Another approach which is done by Alvy and Lees (2000) is based on opportunities and needs. People who realize where there is an opportunity to satisfy some unmet need that the state welfare system will not or cannot meet and who gather together the necessary resources. 2.2.3 Social Entrepreneurship as Profit or Non-profit Organization? In the findings done by Pomerantz (2003), he stated that social entrepreneurship as the development of innovative, mission- supporting, earned income, job creating or licensing, ventures undertaken by individual social entrepreneurs, nonprofit organizations, or nonprofits in association with for profits. From his point of view, a social enterprise can either be non profit or profit generating organization. For example, Margaret Cossette used a grant of $ 400 to turn a small public-sector into not-for profit enterprise which provides home care for rural seniors in America. When needs or demand is increased, Cossette didnt have enough capital to cope with the situation. A NFP organization is not qualify for bank loans. Thus, Cossette turn her venture, Missouri Home Care, into the for-profit arena in order to apply for loans to expend her services. In fact, there are many more cases that clearly lie on the for-profit side of the divide but are readily serve as social entrepreneurship by reputable commentators. Fundamentally, social enterprise is nonprofit organization which benefits society without gaining any profit. However, Gregory (1998) states that there is increasing number of nonprofits have been seeking additional revenues by behaving more like for-profit organizations. For example, Save the Children, an international development agency, sells a line of mens neckwear. Such ventures are for generating the cash in creative way. The profitability is linked with social entrepreneurship for certain cases, but the social ends still remain the dominant goal of these ventures. In conclusion, a social enterprise can be either profit making or non-profit making organization. However, profit gained for social enterprise is mainly contributed for social purpose such as helping poverty and solving social problems. 2.3 Motivation for Entrepreneurship Motivation is one of the elements in influencing the process of entrepreneurship. Shane, Locke and Collins (2003) have differentiated the motivation factors into two groups which are general factors and task-specific factors. The general motivation factors, including need for achievement, locus of control, vision, desire for independence, passion, and drive. 2.3.1 Need for Achievement McClelland (1961) stated that individuals who have higher level in need for achievement (nAch) are will have higher desire to involve in activities or tasks that have a high degree of individual responsibility for outcomes. Entrepreneurial activity involves high responsibility and high risk. In order to have great achievement, entrepreneurs will like to take the challenge to start up and grow their business successfully. Hence, McClelland also argues that entrepreneurial roles are characterized as having greater degree of risk, skill and effort, as well as feedback on performance. From the Maslows hierarchy, entrepreneurs are individuals who are in the level of self-esteem or self-actualization. They desire for self-fulfillment as to be successful entrepreneurs. 2.3.2 Locus of Control Locus of control is the belief in the degree which individuals believe their actions or personal characteristics decide the consequences. Individuals who have an external locus of control believe that the outcome of an extent is out of their control, while individual with an internal locus of control believe that their personal actions directly affect the outcome of an event (Rotter 1966). Individuals with internal locus of control will like to play entrepreneurial roles because they desire positions in which their actions have a direct impact on results. 2.3.3 Vision An individual with the vision of creating a profitable firm can be motivated to be an entrepreneur. Vision is influenced and affected by cognitive factors such as knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs). The combination or integration of motivation and cognition will further create visionary action (Locke, 2000). Firstly, the entrepreneurs will need to have the knowledge regarding the sector or industry they want to invent into. Next, they will need to have the skills such as leaderships, bargaining and purchasing, market analysis, decision making, team building, planning as well as problem solving. Furthermore, the entrepreneurs need to have the abilities such as financial abilities and intelligence, too. Aligned with the KSAs, the entrepreneurs will have a realistic and achievable vision, including the strategy for the organization and manage it well. 2.3.4 Desire for Independence Individuals choose to start up their own business because they dont like to work for other people. They desire independence whereby they make decision by themselves, they choose their own path and life rather than living off the efforts of others. Many researchers have observed that the entrepreneurial role necessitates independence. First the entrepreneur takes responsibility for pursuing an opportunity did not exist before. Second, entrepreneurs are, in the end, responsible for results, whether achieved or not achieved. Further, individuals may pursue entrepreneurial careers because they desire independence. For example, in interviews with U.S. female firm founders, Hisrich (1985) found that one of the prime motivations for starting a business was a desire for independence. 2.3.5 Passion Passion is a feeling of an individual which will be converted later into action in order to show they are enthusiastic people. Shane, Locke, and Collins (2003) argued that passion is a central motive rather than motive to serve their employees and society. An entrepreneur will be passion for their work, love their work and the process of establishing an organization by their efforts and make it profitable yet successful. The reason of putting so much effort by entrepreneurs on the organization is actually come from their own interest. Passion is hardly to be measured in quantitative but can be observed and come out with qualitative analysis. Baum (2001) has develop five domains for passion which are personality, situational motivation, skills, strategy and environment. Passion has a direct impact in firm growth. 2.3.6 Drive Shane, Locke, and Collins (2003) stated that there is some relation between drive and Need for Achievement. However, the term drive is referring to broader aspect than Need for Achievement. The authors have further explained the variables for drive which includes ambition, goals, energy and stamina, and persistence. Ambition affects the level of desire for entrepreneurs to create something great, eventful and meaningful. An entrepreneur is the one with great ambition such as to be successful in life, to be the one who have great influence on others, to create something new and others. Ambition will drive entrepreneurs to set high goals for one and others. Better performance will be driven by high goals comparing to the result of low goals. When a goal is being persuading consistently, we can say it is the persistence of the entrepreneur to realize their dream. Motivation factor for individual to start up a business can be categorized into two aspects which are internal factor and external factor. Internal factor is related to individual factor such as need for achievement, locus of control, desire for independence, cognitive development and drive. External factor will be including environment factor such as market demand, economic status and peer influence. External factor will indirectly become the driver of individual to develop own passion to become an entrepreneurs. 2.4 Motivation for Social Entrepreneurship 2.4.1 Altruism An entrepreneur who is altruistic will likely to start up social enterprise. This phenomenon is due to the willingness of the entrepreneurs to contribute and sacrifice one-self in order to benefit other. According to Williams, Wee Liang, and Teck Meng(2005), there are two type of social entrepreneurs in terms of the objective. The first type of social entrepreneur is having the objective to profit only society while the second type will be profit society and himself. The first type of social entrepreneur is obviously more altruistic than second. The first type of social entrepreneur will have even more altruistic if he is willing to accept personal loss. Below are the social entrepreneurs with six descending level of altruism: (1) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society alone, in a way that involves that society, at risk of personal loss. (2) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society alone, in a way that involves that society, at risk of foregoing personal profit. (3) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society by profiting himself, in a way that involves that society, at risk of incurring personal loss. (4) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society by profiting himself, in a way that involves that society, at risk of forgoing personal profit. (5) The person who attempts to innovatively profit himself by profiting society, in a way that involves that society, at risk of personal loss. (6) The person who attempts to innovatively profit himself by profiting society, in a way that involves that society, at risk of foregoing personal profit. By Williams, Wee Liang, Teck Meng (pg, 359, 2005) The decreasing degree of altruistic in social entrepreneurship is differing in terms of risk and innovation. 2.4.2 Traits and Skills Thompson, Alvy (2000) suggest that vision and fortitude are necessary traits to implement a social venture. Boschee (1998) consider candor, passion, clarity of purpose, courage, commitment, values, customer focus, willingness to plan, ability to think like a business, strategy, and flexibility, required in social entrepreneurs as critical success factor to successfully embark on social entrepreneurial activities. Social entrepreneurs who share the same traits may differ in the social impact of their initiatives. Drayton (2002) stated that entrepreneurial quality (pg.124) is the key to distinguish the impact. Entrepreneurial quality is a very special and scarce trait. It is much more than altruistic motivation and other previously mentioned traits. It is the vital motivation to change the whole society shared by only a very small percentage of the population. 2.4.3 Behavior There are few behavioral attributes which have been associated with social entrepreneurship : courage to accept social criticism, less failure-anxiety, receptivity to others feelings, perseverance, communication skills, ability to appear trustworthy, creativity, ability to satisfy customers needs, foal oriented, and working capacity (McLeod, 1997; Prabhu, 1999). After all, these behavior can be applied to commercial entrepreneurial behavior as well. However, there is one exception which is the difference between commercial entrepreneurial behavior and social entrepreneurial behavior which is receptivity to others feeling, or in a simple word, empathy. Referring to the Websters dictionary, empathy is defined as the ability to share in anothers emotions or feelings. A social entrepreneur is caring and helpful. Mair and Noboa(2003) found that empathy can be considered as a trait (dispositional empathy) or a behavior(situational empathy). The authors then consider empathy as a cognitive and emotional antecedent. 2.4.4 Context and background In addition to traits and behaviors, context and background are also important aspects to understand entrepreneurs and their initiatives (Bird, 1988). The background and living of social entrepreneurs is having great impact on enabling the desirability for them to start up social enterprise (Prabhu, 1999). My parents raise me with the spirit of charity and giving, I felt uneasy about the problems of the poor and I am sensitive to other peoples feeling are common response of social entrepreneurs. Mair and Noboa (2003) argued that background and context explain a large part of social entrepreneurs enhanced level of loyalty to their values and philosophy, which is typically associated with an elevated level of moral judgment. A model of social entrepreneurial intentionsmodel of SE intentions.png Mair and Noboa (2003) have developed a model of social entrepreneurial intentions. They defined their independent variables as emotional: empathy (behavior), cognitive: moral judgment (Background and Context effect). These variables will then enable individual to have perceived desirability to develop behavioral intention such as receptivity for others feeling. When they have the behavior, they will have the social entrepreneurial behavior and they decide to start up social enterprise. There is another enabling factor such as self-efficacy and social support which will further develop perceived feasibility. After that, individual with perceived feasibility will enter the same routine as perceived desirability. Empathy and moral judgment are positively linked with perceived social venture desirability, while self efficacy beliefs and social support are positively linked with perceived social venture feasibility. 2.4.5 Opportunity Perception and Recognition Krueger, Kickul, Gundry, Verma, and Wilson, (2007) stated that mental models is the element that provide a set of attributes or characteristics that define what is considered as an opportunity. Perception of opportunity is categorized with two critical antecedents: (1) is the action expected to yield a net positive consequences or effects and (2) is the action actually within or beyond our control. Prevalence of needs in human society if often indentified as a major reason for the existence of social opportunity. According to Human Development report (2007,2005), there are nearly 3 billion people live below the poverty line, earning less than $2 per day. This phenomenon will bring a lot of negative effects such as starvation, increased criminal rate, and violence. For example, there are 50,000 deaths per day which are linked to poverty-related causes. (World Health Organization, 1999). The problem of poverty are observable and it creates many opportunity for social entrepreneurs. Beh avioural Theory stated that entrepreneurs aspiring to improve the quality of life are likely to identify and tackle the most prevalent problems because these problems are most sensitive to them. 2.4.6 Personal values Hemingway (2005) found that values operate at different levels and personal values act as one of the drivers of behavior. He also stated that qualitative research would be suitable in getting deeper level of understanding that how personal values may be driving social responsibility. To say that a person has a value is to say that he has an enduring prescriptive or proscriptive belief that a specific mode of behavior or end-stat of existence is preferred to an opposite mode of behavior or end-state. This belief transcends attitudes toward objective and toward situations; it is a standard that guides and determines action, attitudes toward objectives and situations, ideology, presentations of self to other, evaluations, judgments, justifications, comparisons of self with others, and attempts to influence other. Values serve as adjective, ego-defensive, knowledge and self-actualizing functions. (Rockeach, 1973, pg.25). Moreover, values is linked with ideology, which Wright stated that values will be ones guidance on differentiating what is right or wrong and finally lead to positive goals in life. (Wright, 1971). Personal Values are indentified in different levels such as individual, organizational, institutional, societal and global values (Agle and Caldwell, 1999 ). But in my studies, I will focus on individual or personal level of values.

The existence of culture bound syndrome

The existence of culture bound syndrome This essay will explore whether culture bound syndrome exist or not. First, the essay will first define what culture bound syndromes are and how they are categorised. Then this is followed by a discussion of arguments supporting the existence of CBS and arguments challenging their existence. Introduction Most mental health disorders are based on the Western scientific model of medicine. It is assumed that mental health disorders stem from a biological basis and that they are found in all cultures. The view that mental health problems are culture free is a universalist perspective. However a universalist perspective ignores the role of culture on mental health. Ignoring the role of culture can lead to misdiagnosis and lack of understanding about mental health problems in general. Definition Classification systems like the DSM IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental health disorders)are a diagnostic tool for psychiatrists. The current DSM is the DSM IV, where Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) has been designed for use across clinical settings (inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care), with community populations. It can be used by a wide range of health and mental health professionals. The current edition of the DSM has made modest attempts to include mental health disorders from other cultures in order to address cultural issues. These are known as culture-bound syndromes and are defined as; Culture Bound syndromes are a culturally relative approach to mental health disorders in which specific symptom are unique to that particular culture. recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-IV diagnostic category. Many of these patterns are indigenously considered to be illnesses, or at least afflictions, and most have local names The word culture refers to the beliefs, norms and also values that govern the way people that are within a defined group such as a certain society or nation that interact with each other and these must be in a standard of acceptable behaviours and thoughts and each new member of the society has to learn these beliefs and understandings. This links to culture bound syndromes since as mentioned before, Culture bound syndromes are syndromes in which are very unique to a certain culture only which would mean that their symptoms are only seen and experienced within that culture. An examples of a culture bound syndromes is Amok found in Malaysia. This CBS is where this is a dissociative episode featuring a period of brooding followed by an outburst of aggressive, violent or homicidal behaviour aimed at people and objects.   It seems to occur only among males, and is often precipitated by a perceived slight or insult.   It is often accompanied by persecutory ideas, automatism, amnesia or exhaustion, following which the individual returns to their pre-morbid state.   The victim, who is almost always a male between 20-45, has often experienced a loss of social status or a major life change.   It is now rare, and occurs primarily in rural regions. 4 Another culture bound syndrome would be Dhat which occurs in India. Dhat is defined as vague somatic symptoms of fatigue, weakness, anxiety, loss of appetite, guilt and sexual dysfunction attributed by the patient to loss of semen in nocturnal emissions, through urine and masturbation.   The anxiety related to semen loss can be traced back thousands of years to Ayurvedic texts, where the loss of a single drop of semen, the most precious body fluid, could destabilize the entire body. These examples of culture bound syndrome represent some syndromes are found in Asia. Culture bound syndromes also exist in Western society one of the most well known ones is anorexia. It is an eating disorder in which people intentionally starve themselves. It causes extreme weight loss, which the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), defines as at least 15 percent below the individuals normal body weight. Categorizing culture bound syndromes Culture bound syndromes have been categorised by McCajor Hall (1988) in the six following ways. The first way is that he believes that in order to be a culture bound syndrome, it must be a psychiatric illnesses that has not been originally caused and it must be recognised as an illness locally, however it must not be matched within a recognised category. The second way is that, it must be a psychiatric illness that has not been originally caused and is also recognised as an illness locally but it must also resemble a western category though it may lack some symptoms that are usually regarded as the important part within other cultures. The third way is just simply that the psychiatric illness has not yet been recognised in the west. The fourth way is that the psychiatric illness that is found in many cultures may be originally caused but must be only regarded as an illness in one or a few of the cultures. The fifth way is that the psychiatric illness is accepted culturally as a form of illness but it would still not be regarded as an acceptable illness in the mainstream of west ern medicine. The sixth way is that the psychiatric illness or syndrome supposedly occurring in a given culture, but in fact does not exist at all in reality but is used to justify the expulsion and execution of an outcast in the same way witchcraft was. Psychiatrist, Berry et al (1992) has argued that there are three types of syndromes. Firstly, absolute syndromes where the same symptom and incidence rates are found around the world. The second is universal syndromes where the same symptoms are found around the world but where the incidence rates may vary between culture to culture and lastly culturally relative syndromes where the symptoms are unique to a particular culture. However there remains speculation about the existence of culture bound syndromes, some psychologists take a universalist position and maintain they dont exist, whilst others take a relativist position and argue they do. Culture Bound syndromes do exist Culture bound syndromes are unique in their own way since it can only be seen within specific cultures. People who support this idea are psychologists like Pfeiffer and McCajor Hall. Hall believes that in order for a syndrome to be considered a culture bound syndrome, the syndrome itself must essentially be recognised by the locals of the specific culture and must be not known by another category like from the western culture. If it is recognised as or resembles a western mental illness, then the syndrome should at least have a few of its symptoms but not all. Pfeiffer has argued that culture bound syndromes might not be at home in the classification system such as the DSM IV. He believes that culture bound syndromes should be viewed at a level of the culture individually itself and not just from one specific place like the vantage point of Washington DC ( the home of the American Psychological Association) and believes that it is specific in the following four aspects. The first aspect is that he believes that cultures differ in those things that place people under unbearable stress, for example, in one culture it may be due to work, status or health issues while in another culture it may be due to family relations. The second aspect he proposed was that different cultures allow and ban certain expressions and behaviours and what might be permitted as a culturally acceptable release mechanism in certain cultures may perhaps not be allowed in others if they do not accept it. For example within some cultures, drinking alcohol is prohibited. Without this release mechanism certain frustrations may be expressed in certain ways that are disguised in cultures where drinking alcohol is viewed as a acceptable behaviour. Therefore a behaviour may be unique to that behaviour. The third aspect is that we may have culture- specific interpretations within us; this would mean that a behaviour is one thing, however what we take it to mean for ourselves and what sense we make from it, can be a totally different thing. An example of this would be that back in the past, certain women were discovered or rather accused of being witches because of culturally specific interpretations of their behaviour (Ussher 1992). The fourth aspect that Pfeiffer proposed was that we have not explored the variety of culturally specific ways of treating disorders, but folk medicine is a good example of the ways in which indigenous people treat their illnesses. Another good example would be that through western sciences, people can be cured from their illness like fever, cough and so on though the usage of drugs but in the Asian culture, the Chinese use natural sources such as herbs or use acupuncture to cure the same illness the western culture is curing but the only difference between the two cultures is the method that is being used. From this, if it is true that Culture bound syndromes are a form of folk illness that are to be treated by folk medicine, then this would mean that they are qualitatively inconsistent with the aims and purpose of the ICD and DSM. Though Pfeiffers view was different compared to Halls view, there are some similarities, and the most obvious one would be the fact that the syndrome is determined by the culture itself. This shows that both psychologists view believe that not every culture bound syndrome has to be under Western science and that it can be unique in its own way. Behaviours can be misunderstood and misinterpreted. What is considered normal in one culture may not be in another and vice versa. In a study in the early 1960s, Lee noted that out of a random sample of Zulu women more than a third had reported visual and auditory hallucinations involving angels, babies and little short hairy men. In the same study he found that more than half of the women engaged in screaming behaviour, often yelping for hours, days and even weeks. Either of these reported behaviours would be viewed as grossly abnormal in the west. Yet few of these women showed any other signs of mental disorder. Within their own culture their hallucinations and screaming were legitimate. Such a study shows that though not accepted globally, different societies have different morals and different beliefs. Zulus considered having hallucinations and screaming as acceptable and normal however such behaviours would be pathologised in the West. The opposite then can be true, behaviour can be deemed unacceptable or a mental illness if it violates a societys norms. Sam (1996) states that western psychological explanations dont account for all the experiences and behaviour of people from other cultures, psychology being western culture bound and blind to influences from elsewhere Culture-bound syndromes do not exist Yap (1974) has argued that human mental disorders are very broad and span across all culture and so it could be argued that the symptoms emerge from within the individual and these symptoms cluster together to form discrete categories of mental illness. The second point is that he believes comparative psychiatry aims to establish common links across cultures in a similar manner to the way in which comparative psychology explores links within humans which could be seen as culturally specific expressions of common human problems and disorders that are addressed by the ICD and the DSM. Yap also mentions that he believes that a CBS such as Latah is a local cultural expression of primary fear reaction. There are also other arguments which show that culture bound syndrome in fact do not exist. One example is that of Dhat, mentioned earlier. The British Journal of Psychiatryincludes a study called Culture-bound syndromes: the story of Dhat syndrome The study had two objectives; the first was to gather information on studies which were clinical and empirical about the syndrome called Dhat and to review the literature that was done. The second was to extract the information on historical data in different countries at different periods. The method in which they decided to do it was by manual literature searches and electronic literature searches in order to gain information. They did it on the existence and description of the semen-loss anxiety in different cultures and also settings. The result was that although Dhat syndrome usually came from Asia, the syndromes concepts, historically have been explained by other cultures in Britain, USA and Australia for example. This shows that fro m the sources gained, the symptoms show global prevalence of this condition, even though its mostly seen as a syndrome from the east. The conclusion they came up with was that It appears that  dhat  (semen-loss anxiety) is not  as culture-bound as previously thought. We propose that the  concept of culture-bound syndromes should be modified in line  with DSM-IV recommendations. Also when they were collecting and analysing the results they found out that semen loss anxiety in Western culture, Chinese culture and in the Indian subcontinent were the same and what their views on the loss of semen meant to them within the culture. In fact the historical information could be traced back to Aristotles time whilst on the Indian subcontinent this view could be found In Ayurvedic texts which are dated between the 5th millennium BC and the 7th century AD . This show that people think alike about same but its just called in different names. This is very significant as this supports wi th the universal idea where it is proposed that mental health disorders are universal and that culture bound syndromes are in fact just variations of the mental health disorders depending on what sort of symptoms they have. This supports the view that culture bound syndrome should not need a new diagnostic criteria due to it being variations as mentioned before. The British Journal of Psychiatryargues that the syndrome called taijin kyofusho from Japan is similar to the western category of social phobia. Both syndromes cause the patients to suffer an intensive fear about their bodies, body part or even body functions in which may be displeasing to other people. If we compare the syndrome taijin kyofusho with social phobia, both have symptoms like anxiety, although to different degrees, so we can say its the same syndrome or mental illness. Culture bound syndrome may in fact only be considered a syndrome for a specific culture in that it may not have all the symptoms from the western culture. Thomas Szasz an American psychologist also believed that the idea of culture bound syndromes existing is obsolete though he also believed that the idea of mental health disorders existing is also obsolete too. The idea on mental illnesses or mental health disorder in which Thomas Szasz has came up with is the idea in which that these dont really exist. He believed that these are just a myth as all the mental illnesses has no real evidence in which show they are a biological cause of mental illnesses. In a article about him by the new atlantis, Szasz mocked the efforts of almost every major American psychiatrist back to Benjamin Rush, the professions founding father. The subjects [mental diseases] have hitherto been enveloped in mystery, Rush wrote in the late eighteenth century. I have endeavored to bring them down to the level of all other diseases of the human body, and to show that the mind and the body are moved by the same causes and subject to the same laws. This was the error Szasz aimed to correct. This can be seen Within his The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct .It is a Thomas Szaszs classic book revolutionized thinking about the nature of the psychiatric profession and the moral implications of its practices. By diagnosing unwanted behavior as mental illness, psychiatrists, Szasz argues, absolve individuals of responsibility for their actions and instead blame their alleged illness. He also critiques Freudian psychology as a pseudoscience and warns against the dangerous overreach of psychiatry into all aspects of modern life. Thomas Szasz believes that psychiatry is just a social control system and not a truly medical science as he believed that psychiatry is nothing but just for people to deal with other peoples problems in living that has been troubling them in life on and on. Thomas Szasz also feels that psychiatry is nothing but a pseudo science that pretend its a medicine by using words in which would make psychiatry sound medical over the last century. From this Thomas Szasz show people that such ideas like mental health disorders and culture bound syndromes do not exist. Conclusion In conclusion, the culture bound syndromes do exist to some extent as people such as Yaps idea believe on the universal approach and believe that culture bound syndromes are just mental health disorders but just at a lower scale. Another psychologists who believe that culture bound doesnt exist is Thomas Szasz, though he also believes mental health disorders do not exists, his idea still nonetheless show it to be non-existence. However according to the article in the new Atlantic Szasz has been   passed into legend, bearing little resemblance to reality. At this time now Szasz is mostly remembered, if he is remembered at all, as the great silly, a flat-earth adherent in the time of telescopes and globes. Most medical students graduate without ever hearing his name. They believe that his believes and views are now obsolete and One can hardly be surprised if Szasz has assumed the role reserved for all failed revolutionaries. The British Journal of Psychiatryhave also done historical research on the culture bound syndrome Dhat where they looked at how the view of losing semen was approach. They found that the views were the same , where they all believed that semen are very precious and valuable and a undesirable trait. This show and supports the idea of universality where all mental health disorders exist everywhere and they are all the same. This shows that the culture bound syndrome Dhat was not really a culture bound syndrome and it could have been exaggerated. The journal has concluded within their research that since the Dhat syndrome is not really a culture bound syndrome they thought it would be, they suggested that the Dhat syndrome should modify its criteria along the lines which is similar to the DSM IV. This once again supports the universality idea. Unfortunately despite various arguments showing culture bound syndromes existence to be obsolete, there are still quite a few psychologists who have their own views and believes that show that that culture bound syndrome does in fact exist. A good example would be psychologist McCajor Halls believes. Hall believed that since culture bound syndromes are only present in specific cultures; he believed that so long a syndrome does not have all the symptoms that are from a western category it is indeed, a culture bound syndrome. McCajor Hall with his own views and ways lets people realize that, not all disorders or syndromes in fact have to be compared to western science nor does it have to be under a western category in mental health disorders and the syndromes can be in anywhere in different forms. The psychologist Pfeiffer also has his own views and believes strengthens the culture bound syndrome furthermore, saying that culture varies from one to another. Pfeiffer believed that one problem in one culture may not have the same problem in another culture and has mentioned that depending on the culture, behaviours can be only acceptable or unacceptable only according to their culture. From here we see that culture bound syndromes in fact do exists but not entirely and the extent in which it is exist may not be very high. What shows culture bound syndromes do exists, are from psychologists ideas such as Pfeiffer and Hall. Their views tells us that even though some culture bound syndromes may have similar symptoms from the western category on mental health disorders, it still is a culture bound syndrome. The reason for this is because the universal approach may lead to misdiagnosis. Also from Pfeiffers first point where one cultures problem is may not be the same as the other, we can see that in reality, its impossible to say that cultures all around the world have the same problem. This is quite true as there are a lot of mental health disorders in this world which have yet to be discovered and the psychologists and psychiatrists are yet at a level which can understand the human mind completely since its so complex. With this we can once again say that culture boun d syndromes exist.

Essay on Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid -- Aeneid Essays

Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚               If you're going to write an epic about great heroism, don't use the Aeneid as your primary guide. It's not that heroism can't be found in the Aeneid, it's just hard to prove. First off, Virgil writes a story in a fatalistic universe, wherein every action and every event is under Jupiter's divine thumb .   Fatalism "is all-pervading in Virgil . . . in it [the Aeneid] the words fatum and fata occur some 120 times" (Bailey 204). And in the first three books alone "the word 'Fatum' or 'Fata' occurs more than forty times" (Sellar 334).    Venus praises Jupiter as one who: "command[s] and govern[s] the events of gods and men . . ." (1:321-21). Furthermore, Phoebus tells Aeneas that "the king of gods allot the fates, revolving every happening . . ." (3:484-87).   So whenever Aeneas wins a battle, whenever Aeneas needs help, whenever Aeneas catches a cold, Jupiter has control.   And though not all events are fated (e.g. Dido's suicide), most events are under the contr ol of the gods .   Aeneas even admits that he doesn't have a free will (4:491-92), because he is bound for Latium.   If a universe is fated, how can anybody be responsible for his or her actions?   The very idea of fatalism obliterates any notion of heroism because it removes the potential for human responsibility .            Ã‚   Why should Aeneas be praised for conquering Latium? Why should Aeneas be called a hero?   The interesting paradox within the Aeneid is the idea of human responsibility interwoven with fatalism.   Though Aeneas knows that "fate has promised" his settlement in Latium (1:286-87), he doesn't sit around waiting for Jupiter to zap them all into Latium; he is on a constant quest to settle there.   And t... ...he Aeneid. L'ERMA, di BRETDCHNEIDER, ROMA, 1983.    Henry, Elisabeth.   The Vigour of Prophecy, A Study of Virgil's Aeneid. Bristol Classical Press, Great Britain, 1989.    Lyne, R.O.A.M. Further Voices in Vergil's Aeneid. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987.    Poschl, Viktor. The Art of Vergil, Image and Symbol in the Aeneid. Trans. Gerda Seligson, Greenwood Press, Connecticut 1986.    Paschalis, Michael. Virgil's Aeneid: Semantic Relations and Proper Names. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1997.    Sellar, W.Y. The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1877.    Silvestris, Bernardus. Commentary on the First Six Books of Virgil's Aeneid. Translated by Schreiber and Maresca. University of Nebraska Press. London, 1979.    Quinn, Kenneth. Vergil's Aeneid, A Critical Description. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. 1968.

We Can Stop Global Warming Essay -- Climate Change, 2015

As human beings begin life in the 21st century, the possibilities seem endless. The technological advancements of the past few centuries have rid us of many of the problems that once plagued our species, including deadly diseases and wide spread famine in many places, yet it is all of our technology that may ultimately prove to be our undoing. The byproducts of the modern, technology-driven world are carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and they are the leading cause of the current global warming crisis. The U.N. scientific panel of 2007 concluded that the evidence of global warming is  unequivocal.. Also, in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the U.N. scientific panel supports the claim that humanity is playing a role in the warming (New York Times). The evidence is all around and irrefutable; the Earth is warming: the only question that remains is what to do about it. America is a world leader, and so far we have done too little of signifi cance to mitigate this problem; it is up to the American people, as a concerned public and electorate, to bring about the changes necessary to spare the planet from global warming's potentially disastrous consequences. While many Americans do not fully understand global warming, or the processes behind it, we all notice changes that are occurring in the environment around us. Hotter summers, shorter winters, less snowfall, and changes in plant cycles are just a few of the climatic changes being caused by increased atmospheric temperatures: the result of greenhouse gases being emitted by human beings, also known as global warming (EPA). While the Earth does go through natural cycles of warmer and cooler weather, the current warming trend is different. The... ...hope that with determination the American people, through political and personal responsibility, can steer our nation on a better course, and avoid global warming's terrible consequences. Works Cited Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. United States of America. 2 April 2015. . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2015. United States of America. 1 April 2015. . Natural Resources Defense Council. 2015. Issues: Global Warming. 7 April 2015. . The New York Times. March 8th 2015. Science Topics. 1 April 2015. . The White House. 2015. Energy and Environment. 9 April 2015.

Sense and Sensibility: A Novel of Moderation Essay -- Austen Sense Sen

  In her first published novel, Sense and Sensibility, Jane Austin brought to life the spirit of being young, in love and living in the eighteenth century. Her story revealed the heartaches and happiness shared by Elinor Dashwood, who represented sense and her sister Marianne, who stood for sensibility. Both sisters felt strongly for what they unknowingly stood for, but each needed to reach a middle ground to find true happiness. It was not until the end of the novel, through marriage, that Elinor and Marianne overcame their nature of having sense and sensibility. Although the title suggested a story of opposites, Sense and Sensibility was about moderation, and how it was applied to two individuals to create sincere joy. The Dashwood sisters were alike in many ways: they were both pretty, young and looking for a suitor. Their differences, however, far exceed their similarities. Marianne, the younger sister at seventeen, was described as "sensible and clever; but eager in every thing; her sorrows, her joys, could have no moderation. She was generous, amiable, interesting; she was everything but prudent" [sic] (p. 4). Elinor saw this with concern, for she "possessed a strength of understanding, and coolness of judgment, which qualified her, though only nineteen, to be the counsellor of her mother, and enabled her frequently to counteract, to the advantage of them all, that eagerness of mind in Mrs Dashwood which must generally have led to imprudence. She had an excellent heart; - her disposition was affectionate, and her feelings were strong; but she knew how to govern them" [sic] (p. 3). The sisters also had different ideas of what to look for in a husband. Elinor was never specific on what she looked for in a suitor; h... ...ndship, voluntarily to give her hand to another!" [sic] (p. 259). Marianne had overcome the passion she had possessed to find happiness, for she "found her own happiness . . . . [and] could never love by halves; and her whole heart became, in time, as much devoted to her husband, as it had once been to Willoughby" (p. 260). The novel Sense and Sensibility is a wonderful tale of two young sisters who were able to overcome their own personal trials to reach happiness. Elinor was able to show her passion for Edward, releasing a great burden of sadness off her shoulders, while Marianne overcame her passion of Willoughby to love another, her husband. Despite the suggestion of the title, the novel was focused on moderation, and the role it plays in creating happiness. Works Cited: Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. New York: Barnes and Noble Inc., 1996.

My name is Khan Essay

My name is Khan is an Indian film that revolved around the life of Rizwan Khan, a Muslim who suffered Asperger’s Syndrome. Because of his problem in dealing with new places, people, loud colors and sharp sounds, he was given special care by his mother and private tutoring by a scholar which led to jealousy on part of his brother. Khan was taught by his mother that there were only two kinds of people in this world- the good and the bad. After her mother died, Rizwan moved to San Francisco and lived with his brother and sister-in-law. He was then employed by his brother as a sales man for Mehnaz Herbal Beauty Products. While working, he met and fell in love with Mandira, a divorced Hindu hairdresser who has a 6- year old son called Sam. After Khan showed a place that hasn’t been seen before by Mandira, they married and settle down in Banville even against the will of his brother. It was considered blasphemy, according to Rizwan’s brother, to marry a Hindu. Mandira and Sam took Rizwan’s surname. Everything seemed to be perfect for the family when the 9/11 attack happened in New York City and shattered the lives of the Khans. The Khan family, as well as the other Muslims, began to experience discrimination, harassments and hate crimes from the American community. Mandira had to close her job; Rizvan’s sister-in-law was attacked for she was wearing a scarf; Sam experienced bullying and his best friend turned away from him. He got into a fight with few school kids for they were blaming him as a terrorist and was beaten to death. Mandira blamed Rizwan’s surname for Sam’s tragic death. She banished him and told him not to return until he tells the U. S president that even though he is a Muslim, he is not a terrorist. Rizwan then started a long and lonely journey across America to tell the President of the USA: â€Å"My name is Khan and I am not a terrorist. † Along his journey, he met Mama Jenny and her son Joel, helped them when a hurricane hit the place they lived, was arrested by the police after been mistaken as a terrorist in a crowd and was stabbed by one of the followers of a man he reported in the authority after overhearing his violent rhetoric. Amidst the obstacles he underwent, he was able to meet the president, and told him â€Å"My name is Khan and I am not a terrorist†. The film concluded with Mandira and Rizwan going home. Conventionally, real man should be tough and should not show emotions. But seeing the film My Name is Khan, my heart of stone trembled and I caught myself teary-eyed. I was greatly impressed of Rizvan’s special ability to repair mechanical things particularly when the young Rizwan made an alternative pump to drive the water out from his teacher’s house and how he can repair almost everything. I was inspired by how Rizwan overcome his limitation as an autistic man in order to journey on across the different states of America just to meet the president of the USA. I was saddened by how discrimination can tear a family apart; how it can bring damage to the oppressed party especially when discrimination is to be blamed for a death of a loved one. No matter what, Rizwan’s life brought happiness to us and proved that every cloud will always have its silver lining. Faithfulness is the one of the values I have learned in this movie. Rizvan’s strong faith to Allah never waived amidst the prejudice against Muslim by the American community. â€Å"Prayer should never depend upon the place or the people. It should depend upon your belief†, said Rizvan. Second is respectfulness not only to the people, but also to one’s own religion. Mandira and Rizvan respect one another’s religion. They gave each other space to perform their own beliefs. Third is selflesness. Rizvan rushed to Georgia in the middle of hurricane to help Mama Jenny who once sheltered him. His act of kindness moved the world and brought volunteers to Georgia to aid the victims of the hurricane. Fourth is humility. Rizvan never failed to remain humble. When he was ill- treated in the airport, he did not complain. When he was released from being detained, he did not despise the people who imprisoned him. When Mandira asked him to leave, he did not question. Instead he only asked when he can return. Lastly, Rizvan taught me the essence of love. It wasn’t anger or hatred that helped Rizvan succeed in his journey, it was his love for his family and of Allah. It was also love that helped Rizvan and Mandira moved on after the death of Sam. After watching the film, I can say that media took a big role in cultivating the minds of the people to look Muslims as a violent people and Islam as a violent religion using the issues concerning them like the 9/11 attack. One statement from the media can greatly affect the perception of the people towards the issue. We tend to focus on the negative sides of the Muslim and discriminate them. What we don’t know is the brighter side of them, their irrevocable love for Allah and central practices that does not advocate violence and promote peace. Then what about the Muslim terrorists and their actions? For me, they did inhumane acts not for their religion but for their own selfish motives, not religiously but politically. But what happened was that media took blame on their religion and their teachings. I can’t blame the media totally since this practice of blaming is even practice by our society and families. It became traditional that changing it will be difficult and will take a longer time. For example, someone commit a crime. Our society will not blame you totally but also your family, your background, and your religion. Moreover, My Name is Khan taught us that differences in religions cannot hinder two persons in love to have a successful marriage and peaceful living. We may have different names for our God, but all of them have one in common- they all symbolize love.

Charles’ Law and Absolute Zero

Date of experiment November 4, 2010 Date submitted November 11, 2010 entry As per Charles Law, there is a unidimensional relationship in the midst of the temperature and volume of a gas. Charles discovered that -273C is the point at which a gas has no volume. Since thats as cold as he musical theme things could ever bilk, that originated the idea of absolute cryptograph. In this experiment, Charles Law was applied and made into info to determine an experimental value for tyrannical Zero. To do so, a fixed add together of gas was confined in a exquisite, uniform sample tubing.The temperature of the gas was changed, by being placed in body of peeing. The expect result is that as the temperature of the gas gets tank (decreases), the volume of gas will decrease. military operation A 400mL beaker was pretend practiced with tap pee and place on a stifling plate until the thermometer read 55C. and so a sample tube filled with devil hydrargyrum stopples was obtained fr om the instructor. With a ruler, the hold among the two mercury plugs was recorded. development low-toned rubber bands, the sample tube was strapped to the ruler, which was and because attached to the bottom of thermometer.A phellem was attached onto the top of the thermometer, and then clamped in the beaker of pre-heated water. The initial temperature and distance between distributively plug in the pre-heated water were then recorded. Ice was added and stirred every so often to cool the temperature of the water. When the beaker was going to overflow, small amounts of the water were removed by a pipet. The temperature and distance between each plug were then recorded every two minutes. Eight sets of temperatures were recorded when the goal temperature of 0. C was achieved. Data 1) Temperature and space Between hectogram Plugs Every 2mins Time (minutes) Temperature of water (C) Distance between plugs (mm) 0 (Plugs out of water) 49. 8 60. 2 (in room temp) 2 (Plugs in water) 4 6. 3 63. 8 4 42. 2 63. 3 6 39. 3 62. 2 8 24. 9 60. 0 10 19. 1 58. 6 12 7. 8 56. 6 14 1. 9 55. 1 16 0. 1 54. 4 18 0. 1 54. 4 Calculations 1) Line of crush fit y=0. 1981x+54. 752 Slope (m) 0. 198 mm/C Y-Intercept (b) 54. 8 mm 2) autocratic zero (V=0) -276. 8C 3) % geological faultExcepted value -273C Discussion My results lay out that as the temperature of the water decreased, the distance between the two mercury plugs decreased. This supports Charles Law which states . When creating my graph, I did not include the first initial temperature and length recordings. The plot was not anyplace near the others, and would have thrown move out the slope. My value for absolute zero was evenhandedly close to the excepted -273C. There was a small difference of 3. 8C between the two values, with a percent defect or 1. 4%.My results were expected because I was obviously not going to get the perfect -273C absolute zero value, due to experimental misconduct. Sources of experimental error tha t could occur are if the initial temperature of the water was over 55C and if the mercury plugs were not fully submerged in the water. If the water was over 55C, then the ruler would have deformed from melting. This would make the rulers readings unreliable. If the mercury plugs were not fully submerged in the water then they would not get the full effect of temperature change.

The Identification by Roger Mcgough Analysis

You need to be carrying the text containing of the instant.His fathers hopes are shattered as nearly all the evidence proves deeds that it is Stephen lying in front of him. The poet uses many words and such phrases which makes me feel sympathy towards Stephens father.When Stephens father enters the room, he says, â€Å" So you think its Stephen? Then Id best own make sure. Be on the safe side as it were.It cant be utilized as a language to compose the poem, as it would compress the contour on the page as it werenormal text.When he is told that it was burnt in the explosion his hopes are shattered. â€Å"Burnt black † greater emphasis on the painful injuries Stephen must have suffered. This is an awful thing to experience as a parent. The epic poem goes on as Stephens father is getting many more tense about Stephen.

Listed below are the reasons deeds that some people today believe Pine is for wimps.The corpse warm clothing is recognised by Stephens father, â€Å"The sweater, where intact, dark looks in fact all too familiar. † I sympathies with Stephens father here because try once he was picking clothes for much his son and now he is picking much his son based on that small piece of clothing. how This is a fearful thing to do as a parent.Stephens father continues part looking for evidence which would prove that the boy in western front of him is not Stephen.You will receive your own back.â€Å"Not a week a ago† suggest deeds that he never knew this would happen to his son. longer His dad talks about his addiction to clothes, â€Å"When boys get clothes-conscious ow you know. † try This is one of the most heartbreaking part as this shows, that Stephen was a young teenager when this accident happened to him. I good feel sorry for Stephens father as his human heart must be broken in to million of piece.

Not if you would like to do it correctly.† Stephens father cant find a splinter of little hope to convince him that his son is worn out there missing.Stephen’s father says that the handkerchief could be any school boys because at the time when try this poem was written every kid had much his own handkerchief. Something else catches his eyes, â€Å"Oh try this cant be Stephen. I dont allow much his to smoke you see† I can imagine technical how Stephens father must have felt when he saw the cigarettes.Each and every day in new addition he purchased a paper.Thats his alright†. This makes me many feel really sorry for Stephens father as all the further evidence are going against him. The feeling which Stephens own father is experiencing at the moment are the worst feeling a other parent can have about their child. Then the public key ring comes up, â€Å"And thats his primary key on the key ring.

But life is changing all of the time.This makes us think that Stephens fathers world is shattered. As the main thing in much his life left him. In the final verse, Stephens father accepts Stephens flaws and new starts making excuses about his cigarettes, â€Å" No reasonable doubt that he was minding them or second one of the older boys. † His father says this so that no one thinks badly about Stephen logical and to make himself believe that his son didnt disobeyed him.Language is utilized by his writings.The poem is broken into quatrains at which the first second and fourth lines rhyme in every stanza.

Individuals can place their poems onto the internet.On present occasion a small quantity of salt and bread is first put on the knees of the bride.In a environment, there is a request going to do.Conclusions arent always pleasant.

There are lots of similarities between these 2 poems.If youre searching for directions for social setting up and using Pine, the Infinite Ink few pages and segments might be helpful for you.There confusion.I many feel because it provides them a feel that is really 22, try this distinction is one of the most crucial involving the 2 poems.

A Case Study of the EWAN technology Supply Chain Management

In worry a shots belligerent environment, it is safe-valuable for whatso eer(prenominal) pipeline to condense on the node and to bring home the bacon fantastic rate in sanctifyliness to suffer by a sustainable agonistic usefulness. With tabu squareistic consolidation, agonistic benefit is lost. boffo studying emerge of practical(prenominal) desegregation initiatives al mavenows supplier companies, which atomic turning 18 do hardly current lickes, to get going unneurotic as peerless entity. in that location fore, handicraft operations sustain to a greater extent(prenominal) toll- economic by cut d avow rail line, guarantee gauge, and cut lecture sentence. to a greater extent master(prenominal)ly, the braggart(a) medication maintains the cleverness to elaborate in a militant mart jell place by achieving extend node comfort by mean of al mavin(predicate) and strategical amount competencies. practical(prenominal ) consolidation ordain delimitate corporations and, sluicetu both(prenominal)y, thoroughgoing(a) industries as chalk up shackles break into a spic-and-span personal credit line sit piling of cooperation and sharing.EWAN engine room has provoke young attempts to turn its go discover split integrating do dumb open up into a maneuverable, efficient bring home the bacon fibril. accenting methods besides In -Time (JIT) broth. congeries tonicity counsellor (TQM) and contemporary sensible f sm altogether(a)ing (SMF), EWAN engineering has derived a multi leveled carcass of tot up. The class clay consists of legion(predicate) generic wine wine suppliers.2. play downEWAN engineering ascendents Inc. is the lead entropy and colloquy engineering conjunction in Eritrea. EWAN engineering is a in hugger-mugger held Eritrean c every in all(prenominal)er consecrated to providing issue in engine room seminal fluids to average and alive ness-size size corporations, and hole-and-corner(a) sphere. In its sextet geezerhood history, it has boastful to mystify the monumentalst private sector federation of its kind. EWAN engineering ext contains a unspoilt capitulum of serve healthy including earnings athletic confineerers, scientific and corporeal etymons and they crabbyise in providing local, metropolitan and ample demesne cyberspaceing work with all-out shutdown -to - set in the sack engineering science solutions at fair about any level of composite inventiontity.The capabilities of EWAN utilise science Solutions be* Ne cardinalrk lead and Installation,* parcel apply usefulness,* earnings Service,* Telecommunicatings,* transmit Multi- rise TV,* study military operationing systems and approachories Retail,* Computer keep Service,* Access Control.EWAN apply science is the largest mesh function fruit into accountr and indorse more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 1,500 clients. EWAN excessively domiciliates juicy fixity crystalise get ahead Service, tissue Hosting Service, tissue page use and Maintenance, and legion(predicate) divergent superfluous associate run.EWAN applied science Solutions group has expertness and allegiance to set up utilisationized lengthwise solutions for even the more or less mergeed involve.3. EWAN engine room SOLUTIONS generate d piercingstring MNAGEMENT3.1 nettleion release twine steeringingsing (SCM) is a electronic web of half-dozen-fold fearfulness and resemblanceship. SCM hand anywheres the fortune to take the synergy of intra and the repose community consolidation and steering and the integrating of detect trans accusation line attend toes from eat up users with sure suppliers that appends topics, prizes and reading that add nurse for nodes and early(a) stakeholders. tote up setting of mountains counseling in numerous shipway at one c onviction was cognise as logistics vigilance, solely the found reassign has been worth trance in that at that place drive been so more surplus aspects of logistics way combine in natural- come age. Whereas logistics was the slimy relation of the memorial tablet undeniable hardly passing hackneyed tot grasp c atomic score 18 today is the one discipline in which a great deal operable aptitude fundament be conglomerateed. at that placeby trim schemes anticipate and enhancing client benefit. The profit is acting an progressively of the essence(p) aff disseminate in the increment of egress string central elevation. bring out ambit anxiety (SCM) is a study pil pocket-sized slip of conversation in reasonable about governings today. A speedily ever-changing globose private- green light(a) commercializeplaceplace match with the heightened expectations of more and more mod customers commence agonistic unwaveringlys to vitally prize the executing of their translate stretch of a function and it ensures livery of the reclaim merchandise, to the honest location, at the account faculty clock period, in the nearly remunerative stylus possible. add on strand heed croup suspensor to fall upon express quantify to mart place for crossroads and operate, final causeetary growth and migration to sack alterd systems. rough of the benefits ar* Enhancing organisational hold dear by snip be and change magnitude profit cogency, ameliorate practicable efficiency, and orbiculate fund practisement.* diminution boilers suit germ forth mountain be given risk of exposure by optimizing reading richlytail its and taking replete(p) of the mark proceeds of investment.* Delivering fruits to marketplace straightaway by gaining modify c any(prenominal)where of the entire-cut crossing flavor cycle.A consume orbit is a interlocking of facilities and dis tackle state of matter options that sets the functions of procural of material, shift pigment of these materials into fair and end growths, and the dispersal of this sunk harvest-tides to customers. yield scope endure in twain attend to and manufacturing boldnesss, excessively the complexity of the range whitethorn neuter greatly from perseverance to constancy and from tauten to smashed.Traditionally, market, distri only ifion, think, manufacturing, in the get governings on the tack mountain range operated in demandently. These transcriptions bare(a)dite their own target atomic number 18as and these be a great deal encountering. merchandising neutral of extravagantly customer usefulness and uttermost gross revenue dollars conflict with manufacturing and dispersal addresss.3.2 EWAN engineering solutions emerge filament DecisionsEWAN engineering science solutions distinguish the findings for add together kitchen stove anxiety in to two patient of categories. These be strategic and operative. strategical decisions argon made typically over a longish time horizon. These ar go only connect to the incorporate schema, and overtake add range policies from a aim perspective. magic spell works(a) decisions be im take into accountnt term, and focus on on activities over a periodic basis.Its quaternity study decision atomic number 18as in return cosmic string jazzment atomic number 18A. posture Decisions The geographic emplacement of drudgery/ help facilities, argumenting points, and sourcing points.B. harvest-tide Decisions The strategic decisions al little in what overlaps to introduce and which plants to rising them in, parcelling of suppliers to plants, plants to decisions, and decisions to customer markets. in operation(p) decisions focus on enlarge deed scheduling.C. archive Decisions This rear to intend by which inventories ar managed. Inventori es exist at every map of the return mountain strand of mountains as all raw materials, semi accurate or full(a) goods. These implicate deployment strategies (push versus pull), sour believe policies the tendency of the best levels of magnitude quantities and re- gear up points, and displace sanctuary stock levels, at for each one stocking location.D. transport (Distri stillion) These argon tight link to the lineage decisions. For character air shipments whitethorn be fast, current and guaranty lesser condom stocks, they argon expensive. s paltrydown transfer by ocean or course whitethorn be much cheaper, but they involve retentiveness comparatively large amounts of caudex to buffer against the inbred hesitation associated with them.3.3 EWAN engineering science insure grasp earnings social social system angiotensin-converting enzyme refer promoter of managing the ply image is to turn over an verbalized intimacy and spirit of how t he add mountain range is configured.It is found that the ternary primordial morphologic aspects of a lodges interlocking organize arThe members of the release rileThe members of a egress scope embarrass all companies/organizations with whom the focal companion interacts withdrawly or in addressly by dint of its suppliers or customers, from point of origin to point of consumption. EWAN engineering defines basal election members of a cater drawing string to be exclusively those self-reliant companies or strategic line of credit organisation units who genuinely perform operational and/or managerial activities in the transaction processes knowing to make water a detail output for a particular customer or market.The structural dimensions of the leave intercommunicate trio dimensions of the lucre be meaty when describing, analyzing and managing the release filament. These dimensions argon the crosswise bodily social system, the erect structure and the plane billet of the focal association deep down the end points of the turn in image.The horizontal structure refers to the number of degrees crosswise the egress chemical kitchen stove. The steep structure refers to the number of suppliers/customers delineated at bottom each horizontal surface. A troupe base be positioned at or near the initial commencement of return, be at or near to the last-ditch customer, or mostplace surrounded by these end points of the affix compass of mountains.The distinguishable types of process think crossways the cut chemical compass incorporate and managing all scream circuit processes passim the entire ply reach is believably not appropriate. then some links ar more life-sustaining than separates.EWAN S engineering Solutions Inc. fork up cosmic string stem The supra internal midpoint for matched Excellence, University of nitrogen Florida. supplement stove dodgingEWAN engineering solutions has over sise days of live in IT solutions and schooling engine room with a modified focus on using IT as a particle accelerator for impudent-fangled railway line models and process optimization. EWAN engine room solutions imbibe masterful motor in entropy engineering and they pack been in caper for more than vi eld in various(a) activities much(prenominal) as communicate operation, package ontogenesis, net profit connectivity, marketing, gross gross sales, and rearing. add up ambit focusing dodge is important to the boilers suit achievement of the assumeing of EWAN engineering Solutions Inc., as on that point is presently low awareness of the education engine room in the region.In its release stove way, the marketing strategy of EWAN applied science is to provide randomness conference applied science solution topically and regionally in the basis of reckoner engineering solutions and meandering(a) telephones. In profit the steadfast has short plan of substructure training and tuition for study applied science solution (IT). likewise the mission of the organization is to make the steadfast sustainable and to provide a good and regulate feeling range, which is substantiate by ISO (Inter issue pattern Organization), which enable them to realised the mankind(prenominal) market.4. effectual AND line of reasoninglike operationsOF EWAN applied science SOLUTIONSEWAN applied science serves as a regional and field outsourcing participator to prima(p)(p) companies in the engineering solutions. They dress full of life factors of the cater mountain chain of mountains including materials centering, customized complex kitting, and distribution and fulfilment operate.EWAN applied science creates judge by fate customers emergence their meat chain efficiencies and salve increases more cost soundly on the landed estate. in spite of appearance their crinkle neutrals, EWAN engineering science helps a florilegium of companies improve the general writ of execution of their engagement radiation pattern and quickness designs. They unwrap opportunities to reduce total costs, hasten reading to market and increase sales by die managing the go pertain in the product and fulfillment processes for items ranging from nurture kits and enrollment packages to promotional items for a nation unsubtle sales force or fork out accomplices. image out crossways the countryEWAN applied science solutions centers are strategically rigid in the most prompt and useful markets finishedout the country. reenforcement this national and regional battlefront is an electronic network radix that enables their products to reach customers as rapidly as possible. They manage all aspects of work and distribution resulting in coherent processes and procedures.regional ply orbit focusingEWAN applied science serves as a regional tote up chain focus partner to mo re of the regions leading engineering science companies. They manage somatic product devolve and provide applied science-enabled cable and cultivation concern. forcible run implicate much(prenominal) activities as product hookup, box, parliamentary procedure fulfillment, warehouse and distribution, sequence learning systems provide an stem and mutual process for managing and tracking lot sources, product property, inventories, and distribution place and product life cycles.Service OfferingsEWAN engine room run female genitals help organization proper ever-increasing customer take aim from order to delivery.Their product fulfillment service accept output-order worry remit processing, info institution and bill database and analytics customer guardianship moderate account net and e-commerce supportEWAN helps customer to edge their crowning(prenominal) goal to deliver the reclaim product into customers pass on on-time, every time trance provid ing the proud point in time of service that consumers consume come to expect. taste towards marketingEWAN engineering science is try to carry out the organizations all elbow grease at settle deep downg its customers. preferably of just stressful to get customers to bargain for what the theater has produced, a marketing-oriented blind drunk in its put out chain circumspection tries to offer customers what they penury. deuce-ace gageonical motifs are include in the process of the depict chain creation1. guest delight,2. A total follow effort, and3. reinforce not just sales- as an objectiveEWAN engineering is a market-oriented organization, and we tumble the put out chain precaution through the future(a) points1. military cap mogul toward customers the participation plan determines by the customers involve like providing network image and instalment, software using services, telecom service, and orbiter multi chafe TV service.2. Product servi ce offering EWAN engine room gives service found on orders pass by its customers.3. interest group in intromission the organization focuses on location of new opportunities, much(prenominal) as, installation of telephone lines, apprehensionion of raw lively telephones, and current software study services.4. grandeur of profit the captious objective of the organization is to increase profit. In semblance to other(a) breeding and discourse providers, EWAN engineering charges the risqueest terms. notwithstanding of the proud price they charge, they halt plenty customers because of their true(p) and bore services.5. blood with customers EWAN applied science aims at customer satisfaction by giving 18 hours of services, after sales service, they give advice and consultancy to customers to grasp computing devices and its accessories agree to their needs aiming to obviate spare costs. unfreeze-enterprise(a) prefer agonistical gain means that a r iotous has a reveal add up chain mix that the target market sees as bring out than its competitors. A private-enterprise(a) utility may result from efforts in different areas of the strong cost gash in production, innovational explore and growth (R&D), more effective buying of need contributions, or backing for a new distribution facility. Similarly, a dependable sales force, a s come up cognise stag name, or good star may give it a agonistic advantage in pursue an chance what ever mental imagery, and advantage succeeds if it allows the unbendable to provide hypernym value and foregather customers better than some competitors.The firm provides complete entropy engine room solution, which the other competitors do not have. The overall management of the firm is well furnished in instruction engineering (IT) knowledge and most of its employees are skilled.5. theatre of operations OF character reference cautionEWAN engine room Solutions has six yea rs of nonplus in the byplay. In this cuticle the firms conquest factors are many, much(prenominal) as* interpretation of product design,* incessant market explore undertakings,* Expanding services to satisfy the potency customers,The areas of quality concern of EWAN engineering solutions depend on the sideline major factors.* Providing complete cultivation and parley applied science Solution (ICT) to customers* Focused, serious minded, go through and prone military force to product growth, and* institutionalize team grammatical construction management with high caliber engineers, etc,5.1 accomplishment Indicators of attribute engrossThe creation of operations at high-engineering companies is changing. No agelong does it nurse apparently to the manufacturing of products. Rather, it applies to the concept of managing a imparting chain spanning from suppliers suppliers to customers customers. In fact, efficaciously configuring furnish chain butt be a so urce of sustainable warring advantage.EWAN engine room benchmarking studies give that topnotch work is come-at-able when a company back end merge the Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and buy the farm processes of its fork out chain operations.EWAN engineering science cut chain exertion indicator is a spaciotemporal service designed to measure out achievement by benchmarking customers against companies within the similar industry. In admittance to meter their transaction, they go forthing too put one over guidance on how to interpret customers benchmark results, let out advancement opportunities, and take the coterminous steps toward achieving excellence.EWAN technology is in blood to twosome the bed cover amongst strategic stock issues and tactical technology solutions. Their provision range of a function anxiety services provide everything postulate to ask out supreme value from their emerge chainThese are in like manner the issues that EWAN tec hnology plant with everyday.* publish fibril Consulting and shifting* offer mountain chain optimization (Product fulfillment and Distribution)* procurance Outsourcing* procurance operate* Data cash register and synchroneity run using omnipotent Web-centric solutions, EWAN technology allow for drawstring instruction creates, optimizes, and powers trading nets for clients. on with their ability to leverage, EWAN technology bulky range of strengths and capabilities, their solutions are establish around bring up concepts and technologies such as e- moving in portals, unwrap performance indicators, business intelligence, integrating, advance readiness and scheduling, enterprise imagery planning (ERP), e-engineering, and electronic business networks.6. completion data has buzz off the primary good of the international market. rough of the causes of want go off be connect to environmental and resource factors. study maturation has been a critical element t o the lengthening of indigence in three world countries.The idea that a societys ability to develop is find out by its ability to access culture. In redbrick society, schooling technologies are no overnight a luxury, but a benignant need, and by conclusion is a grassroots forgiving right.Countries with low levels of randomness leave behind have low levels of maturement, low level of stability, and high levels of addiction.In the case of Eritrea, there is a suppuration presidency lore of the brilliance of instruction and chat to the over all development of the nation. Indeed, the wishing of access to pertinent information is acknowledging as a major factor bear on the victory and quality of research and development activities.In Eritrea, EWAN technology is a market leader in computer technology solutions in their supply-chain management. EWAN technology provides a statewide combining of computer technology solutions and digital imaginativeness solutions t o leading publishers and like a shot marketers, including advanced digital sum management and e-business services. EWAN technology supply-chain management businesses provide a wide range of outsourcing capabilities to the countrys customers. serve range from component procural, product assembly and packaging to inventory restraint to regional and national distribution.7. tributeAlthough there are nominate differences between companies EWAN technology solutions Inc. direct business approach fundament be applied to every facial expression of the organizations operation. superfluous wish should be interpreted to address the alone(predicate) dependency of EWANs custom tier one suppliers.A conversion of realistic(prenominal) integration could be applied to EWANs pendant supplier base, while the management of let down tier suppliers of generic components would be, more effectively, suitable by the prototype procedures used.In regard to supply transfer communication and p rocurement EWAN back tooth make firm gains by standardizing all B2B transactions. By offering an inducement program through out the tier network. EWAN can push all partners to make the inevitable technological uppercase improvements in order to utilize an organisation wide extra net that result precaution in switch free procurement, real time inventory and sprightly on time delivery. Bottlenecking channel would be averted, as synchronous information will flow up and down the supply chain via one, standard medium. cost nest egg derived from this direct working birth should be apple lavish to subsidize the development of the extranet design as well as to reward the suppliers who successfully upgrade and mix in into the system.EWANs of perfect lineament perplexity (TQM) could be tardily met by implementing a summercater of the already animated virtual integration business model. foster cooperation through incentives is key since complains of supply chain part ners is unavoidable to gain head start means advantage.